Astudy On The Backwash Effect Of The Nmet (shandong Province)reading And Expression

"Backwash effect"usually refers to the effect of tests on language teaching and learning. It has become the focus of debate these years. Scholars abroad have done a great deal of research work on it from theory to practice, the result has not only enriched the theories related to test but also greatly prompted the development of English teaching. However, in China, there is very little theoretical or practical research of backwash on language tests, for example, in the field of NMET, especially in the specific question types of NMET. NMET (Shandong province) has added a new question type--reading and expression since 2007, but until now there is little research of backwash effect on it.Considering this, this thesis, which is under the guidance of the test theory, after analyzing the question types from 2007 and interviewing teachers and students of high school, freshmen of colleges as well as a few NMET designers, has done elementary research on the backwash effect of this question type on English teaching and learning in high school. Besides, after doing questionnaires, this thesis has got suggestions and advice from teachers and students on the design of the questions and the problems of English teaching and learning in high school. The subjects of research, interview and question are 30 teachers, 647 students from 3 high schools and 234 freshmen from 3 colleges of Shandong province.Through the above methods, this thesis is aimed to answer the following questions: what is the backwash of reading and expression of NMET (Shandong province) on English teaching and learning, which questions have positive effects and which questions have negative effects, how to maximize the positive effects and minimize negative effects. Then, this thesis explores the approach to improve this question type and the reform of English reading and expressing teaching in high school.The results of research show that there are both positive and negative effects of reading and expression of NMET (Shandong province) on English teaching and learning in high school. The former is that it can promote the completion of teaching tasks and motivate teachers'teaching and students'learning, thus it can widen students'thinking, improve students'competence in solving practical problems and enrich their horizon of knowledge. The latter is that the question types are much too fixed and teachers and students are likely to summarize the laws of dealing with questions in tests, which is most obvious in grade 3 of high school and thus affect the development of students'comprehensive capability of language.Based on such results, this thesis puts forward suggestions and advice on the design of this question type and English teaching and learning in high school, in order to maximize positive effects and minimize negative effects.This thesis consists of the following parts: an introduction, 6 chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one is literature review of backwash. Chapter two describes relevant definitions, work principles and mode, the elements affecting backwash and classification of backwash theory and the approach to improve positive effects, which provides theoretical basis for the next chapters. Chapter three gives a detailed introduction of reading and expressing of NMET (Shandong province), which provides a clear understanding of the past, present and future of this question type for readers. Chapter four introduces the research questions, tools, procedures and participants of this thesis. Chapter five analyzes the data and results then comes to the conclusion. Chapter six provides suggestions and advice on the design of this question pattern and English teaching and learning in high school. Moreover, the limitations of this thesis are pointed out in this chapter. Finally, this thesis comes to the conclusion that reading and expressing of NMET (Shandong province) has both positive and negative effects on English teaching and learning in high school. Appropriate measures should be taken to strengthen its positive effects and reduce its negative effects in order to prompt English teaching and learning in high school.