Design And Implementation Of 16-Bit Microprocessor With FPGA

The design and manufacture of Microprocessor is a new and developing aspect of high technology. Through introducing the architecture and principle of Microprocessor, this paper aims to speed up the research and development of it in China. Design and realization of a RISC Microprocessor IP soft Core is introduced in this dissertation. Based on the deep researches on the architecture and characteristics of microprocessor, the paper designed a 16-bit high-speed Microprocessor with Verilog HDL, which can perform the basic function. The design is readable, extensible and transplantable. The core is based on Harvard architecture with 12-bit instruction length and 16-bit data length. The performance of the MCU has been greatly improved by introducing single-clock-cycle instructions, setting multiple high-speed working registers, replacing micro-program with direct logic block, etc.The work principle of every part of microprocessor is analyzed, and a strong emphasis is laid on the design of program counter, instructions decipher, execute unit, register group and control center.The access instruction unit, which is composed of 8-bit PC(counter) and two-level stack registers, can address 256, and easily extend to 16-bit;jump instruction can control the access value of PC, so the destination address can be got directly; besides, two level subroutine nesting is provided by two level stack.The encoding unit, composed of instruction buffer and command encoder, translates the 12-bit command code to 16-bit control signal, and ensures each part of the system to work steadily.The executing unit charging for arithmetical and logical computing of processor is the kernel of Microprocessor, and most instructions' computing is carried out in this unit. Only arithmetic computing such as addition and subtraction, and logical computing as AND, OR, NOT and XOR are provided in the unit, but it can meet most need for processing. The instruction order register is the center of accessing and handling of inner data from the processor, and in charge of keep the intermediate computing result (viz. Variable). It is comparatively advanced for a Microprocessor to work based on registers. By confirming the status of processor and finishing the tasks of all kinds of data saving and handling, it can reduce the burden of executing unit and promote the performance of the Microprocessor remarkably.The control core is in charge of scheduling all the tasks of each part in processor, controls the instructions and data to flow in the sequence of accessing, encoding and executing in good order.In order to verify the idea, working state simulation of microprocessor with EDA tools was carried out, and satisfying result was obtained. At last, Verilog HDL code was synthesized and implemented on FPGA.