The Shapes Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties And The Figures Of The Novels

It was said by Jia Yi that "The ancient sage will either be a governor, a doctor or a wizard". But it was also said by Han Yu that " People like wizards, doctors, musicians are despised by noble people." The attitude of Chinese ancient scholars to doctors was always in contradiction, important but not noble. But we can’t deny the important role doctors plays in saving lives. This article studied the image of doctors in novels of Ming and Qing Dynasty from the following aspects, using the methods of historical research, classification, comparison, etc:The first chapter is an overview of the image of ancient doctors. First, we summarized the historical and literary origin of the image of doctors appeared in novels. Then we combed the image of doctors in novels before Ming and Qing Dynasty using the change of doctors’ social status as a cue. Last, we analyzed why the image of doctors appeared in large scale in novels of Ming and Qing Dynasty.The second chapter discussed the image of doctors in novels of Ming and Qing Dynasty in three parts. The first part analyzed the image of doctors from the view of politics, mainly through the political circles and choosing of occupation. The second part analyzed from the view of secular economy by analyzing the income of official doctors and ordinary doctors separately. The third part discussed the doctors in medical activities from their clothes, temperament and treatments.In the third chapter, we discussed the establishment of the typical image of doctors. The novel in Ming and Qing Dynasty made the professional character of doctors more typical by having an artistic process. The existence of various images of quacks reflected the fact that the moral of doctors is very low in the society of Ming and Qing Dynasty. The establishment of the typical image made people formed a fixed way of thinking towards doctors.The forth chapter discussed and analyzed the motive of novelist creating the image of doctors. The creating of figures in literature not only affected by external factors like politics, economy and culture, but also influenced by the subjective mind state of the creators. This chapter mainly analyzed three creating mind state of novelist, such as practical mind, recreational mind and critical mind, and also described the reflection of these minds in the image of doctors in novels.We concluded the reason of the ending of the image of Chinese ancient doctors in the epilogue. The West had a cultural aggression against us in late Qing Dynasty. The western medicine was brought into China as one of the tools and had a huge impact on Chinese medicine. Some people began to prefer western medicine. In this context, the image of doctors in novels gradually disappeared and the few doctor figures remained continued the negative image of Ming and Qing Dynasty.