A Study Of The Society Of The Tang Dynasty And The Social Economy In The South

Tang Dynasty is an important turning point in the ancient Chinese social development, especially for the South. The comprehensive development of China’s southern region began in the Tang Dynasty. The rapid development of Southern economy and culture in the in the Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for later economic, and cultural center moving southward. Although there are a lot of factors that contributed to the rapid development of Southern economy and culture in the in the Tang Dynasty, this paper aims to explore the inherent relationship between the Exile and Relegate officials in the Tang Dynasty and the Southern social and economic development.Exile and Relegate system is inended to punish government officials in violation of the law. But in the political context of the Tang Dynasty, in the late Tang Dynasty, Exile and Relegate system is used as a tool to defeat political opponents in the political struggle. In Tang Dynasty, the number of Exile and Relegate officials is huge, and they are mainly distributed to the southern region. Due to their high political, cultural literacy, these Exile and Relegate officials will contribute a lot to the Southern economy, culture and other aspects.In addition to the first part, this article consists of three parts.The second chapter discusses the basic profiles of the South Exile and Relegate Officials in Tang Dynasty This chapter is divided into two sections. Section I presents the historical connotations of the "South" in the Tang Dynasty, and preliminarily demonstrates the basic region of the Tang Dynasty, and the Southern and North-South dividing line. The Tang Dynasty sees the Yangtze River as the north-south dividing line. There are other deviding lines, such as the Qinling Mountains, the Huaihe River. This section discusses the changes of economic and cultural development of the Tang Dynasty Southern overview of its historical position in the Tang Dynasty, and the increasingly important economic and cultural status of the South. In addition, this section also revealed a general view of the South Tang Dynasty. Due to the specific social situation of the Tang Dynasty, as well as the impact of the traditional concept of Chinese South, people in Tang Dynasty generally believe that the South is a far, base wet, multi-malaria land. Therefore, most people in Tang Dynasty Chinese see the South as a dangerous place. Section II discusses the basic profiles of the south flow in the Tang Dynasty Exile and Relegate officials, and clarifies the distinction and connection of the two concepts between the Exile and Relegate officer. The biggest difference between them is that the exile is the criminal penalties for officials, and demotion is the administrative punishment for officials, exiled official are removed from the government, but Exile and Relegate officials are still in the official team. This section also discusses the geographical features of Exile and Relegate officials in the Tang Dynasty and their historical status. In the respect of the North and the South, Exile and Relegate officials are mainly distributed to the south; the number of Exile and Relegate officials is much larger in the south than in the north. Within the South, the Exile and Relegate officials’distribution is relatively more concentrated. Exiled officials are mainly distributed in three parts, Lingnan, Guizhou, Jiannan. Exile and Relegate officials are mainly distributed in four parts Lingnan Jiangnanxi, Jiangnan East, Shannan East.The third chapter discusses the relationship between Exile and Relegate officials in the Tang Dynasty and Southern economic development. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the implementation of good governance of the Exile and Relegate officials in the South, which provides a good environment for economic development of the South. Section II discusses a large number of water conservancy project promoted by the Exile and Relegate officials in the south, which not only expand the irrigation area of the southern region, improve the capacity to defend the flood disaster, create favorable conditions for the development of Southern agriculture, and the harvest, but also directly increase the cultivated area of the South, and make south possible for a large number of northern migrants since the middle of Tang Danysty. Section III discusses that the Exile and Relegate officials in Tang Dynasty open up wastlan for faming. Southern wasteland reclamation not only to meet people’s basic food needs, but also create tax sources for the government, increase government revenue, and to some extent promote the development of commodity economy in the Tang Dynasty. Section IV discusses the cause of the liberation of slaves in the south Tang Dynasty conducted by the Exile and Relegate officials which expand the National Code of Residents, and increase the workforce and the financial and tax in the government. in the aspect of economy, the Exile and Relegate officials improve the administration of local officials, abolish the outmoded politics, build a large number of building water conservancy projects, conduct land reclamation, and liberate Southern slaves. All of these undoubtedly contribute to the rapid economic development of the Tang Dynasty, and promote the the economic center of gravity of ancient Chinese moving southward.The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between the Exile and Relegate officials in the Tang Dynasty and the Southern culture. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the measures which are conducted by these officials to improve education in the South, including organizing public and private schools, incentives for backward. These initiatives promote the development of the Southern education, upgrade the cultural level of the Southern people, promote the development of the Southern Imperial Examination and laid the foundation for the Chinese cultural center moving southward. Section II discusses the activities of changing our habits and the transformation of residential areas in the south promoted by the Exile and Relegate officials in the Tang Dynasty. These activities get rid of the the bad habits in the south, purify the social atmosphere, and improve social customs of civilization degree. These officials transform the thatched house to the tile-roofed house, which reduce the possibilities of fire hazard. More importantly, via the transformation of residential customs, the northern housing construction and bush-burning technology are disseminated to the south, and the architectural structure of the south has changed. Section III discusses the relationship between the spread of Central Plains culture of Tang Dynasty and the Exile and Relegate officials. Because these officials has a high-quality in culture, they potentially spread the Central Plains culture and enhance the cultural quality of the southern region which is undoubtedly a great opportunity for the cultural development of the southern region.