A Study Of The Founding Articles Of The Nine - Nine Dynasties In The Sixteen Kingdoms Period

In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, the whole North China fell into lasting war and confusion. Northern Hu ethnic groups flooded into Central China and established their national regimes one after another. In the northwest district, nine regimes were established here, including the Former Liang Regime by Han ethnic Zhang Gui, the Western Liang Regime by Han ethnic Li Gao, the Former Qin Regime by Di ethnic Fu Jian, the Later Qin Regime by Yao Chang, the Sourthern Liang Regime by Tufa Xianbei ethnic Tufa Wugu, the Western Qin Regime by Qifu Xianbei ethnic Qifu Guoren, the Northern Liang Regime by Lushui Hu etohnic Juqu Mengxun, and the Xia Regime by Tiefu Xiongnu ethnic Helianbobo. The paper approaches and researches a few of the issues on the founding histories of the nine regimes. In light of difficult definition of the periods of the founding histories, the writer regards directly the reign periods as the periods of the founding histories. The founders of the northwest regimes were committed to peace and stability of their countries and unification of China in their reign periods. To meet the goal in face of interior intricate situation and a couple of surrounding antagonistic powers, the founders took kinds of measures to win the people’s support and advance competitiveness of their regimes. The paper makes a whole study of the founding histories of the northwest regimes from two major aspects, namely regime legitimacy building and regime regulations and policies. Common ground can be found in the nine regimes in whole research of them regarding relevant politic systems, culture, diplomacy and bureaucracy issues in the founding histories. The founders of the northwest regimes purposely or unintentionally pushed forward intercourse and fusion between northern ethnic groups,and the systems established by them made a profound influence on the Northern Dynasties even the Sui and Tang Dynasties.and advanced development of China’s history in politics and wars.