Northern Xinjiang In The Qing Dynasty (1759 -1911), The Town Market

As the last administrative district established by Qing dynasty, Xinjiang was frequently destroyed by the war at the end of Qing dynasty. Then it was repaired many times, so the economics was influenced obviously, especially the north part of Xinjiang which was the administrative center of Xinjiang. Because of the unstable social situation, the economics was not developed well even till the end of Qing dynasty.This essay try to recover the town economic situation of this area in Qing dynasty through the limited materials and information.This essay is divided into three parts. Chapter one is the first part of this essay which introduced the natural environment and social conditions of the north part of Xinjiang.Chapter two, three, four and five are the second part which is the main part of this essay. Considering the economic conditions of Dihua, Zhenxi fu, Yili and Tacheng --these four administrative districts as the object of study, through limited materials, The essay make a systemic analysis from the establishment of the towns to the distributing of all the business districts in the cities, and also the condition of each business district.Chapter six is the third part which is the conclusion of the essay and it analysed the characteristics of the town economics in the north of Xinjiang in Qing dynasty, from which find out the factors which influenced its development.When writing this essay, the author checked and analysed many materials, so concluded below some opinions to the town economics of north of Xinjiang in Qing dynasty:After the Qing dynasty's dominion to Xinjiang in 1759, the town economics of this area is . recovered and developed. The governmental and nongovernmental business has first developed and boomed in Gucheng and Dihua district in the north of Xinjiang. At the same time, the economic relationship with the inland, which was formed from the histroy also became stronger.However, as the Qing government set up the dominion center in Yili, the economic position of this city increased a lot, especially the governmental business which become monopolized. From the government business relationship with the local place and outside, we can see that the government polices are decisive in the local business. Tacheng also developed step by step because of its special geographic position. As the necessary road to these two cities from the inland, Gucheng, Zhenxi fu and Dihua also developed continuously. As the development of the north of Xinjiang became more and more mature, it formed a balanced business networks. In the east, Dihua was the distribution center exporting goods from the inland to the local place and Russia. In the west, Yili was the distribution center importing goods from Russia and the surrounding areas to Xinjiang and the inland.However, the market development of this area is not always smooth. From 1759 till 1912, there were two times fluctuating in this market because of the influence of the war. The first fluctuating happened during 1820-1830, Zhangge er war and Haohan invasion. The second was Agu bo invasion during 1864-1877, especially the second time which destroyed the rising town market in a shortest term. After the war, the governments' rebuilding of the towns and cities made the market in these areas recovered and developed quickly. Till Qing government implemented the provincial system, the market here finally became stable.