| The phenomenon that emotional arousing events are better remembered than neutral events is called Emotional Enhancement of Memory (EEM). EEM is influenced by many facts, such as arousal, valence, memory type, and so on. Two-stage Model which including encoding effect and consolidation effect was suggested by Hamann (2001).Large studies have indicated that trait anxiety individuals have attentional bias on negative information. But there are few studies about consolidation effect. Therefore, it is necessary to make a study on EEM between trait anxiety individuals and non-trait anxiety individuals. In addition, The process of emotional memory which included the process of information encoding, storage, retrieval, extraction, is accompanied with the corresponding emotional experience and physical arousal (Smith,2005). The primary influencing factor of formation and fixation is anxious personality traits is the attention, evaluation, and memory bias for threat information. (Williams, Watts, MacLeod,& Mathews,1997) According to the EEM characteristics of trait anxiety individuals, we could intervene their anxiety emotion which along with emotional memory and control their anxiety level.Objective:This study aims to explore the EEM characters with high trait anxiety under different emotional values, arousal, and memory type. Further more, to verify the validity of anxiety emotion intervention method, which was indicated as the EEM characters.Method:60 high triat anxiety individuals were selected as the trait anxiety group and 60 low trait anxiety individuals were selected as the non-trait anxiety group from 500 undergraduates by State-Trait Anxiety lnventoty (STAI). Stimulus materials were selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS)Study 1:EEM Characters with High Trait Anxiety under Negative Stimulus, using the process dissociation procedure and the "study-test" pattern.A multifactorial experimental design of 3 (stimulus type:negative arousal, negative non-arousal, neutral arousal)×2 (test tpye:include, exclude) X 2 (group:trait anxiety group, non-trait anxiety group)×2 (sex:male, female).Study 2:EEM Characters with High Trait Anxiety under Positive Stimulus, using the process dissociation procedure and the "study-test" pattern.A multifactorial experimental design of 3 (stimulus type:positive arousal, positive non-arousal, neutral arousal) X 2 (test tpye:include, exclude) X 2 (group:trait anxiety group, non-trait anxiety group) X 2 (sex:male, female).Study 3:The Validity Study of Anxiety Emotion Intervention Method, using the residual picture naming pattern.A multifactorial experimental design of 2 (anxiety type:state anxiety, trait anxiety) X 2 (group:experimental group, control group).Result:(1) Trait anxiety group:different types of negative pictures had significant influence on both recollection (R) and automaticty (A) (FR<2,168)=16.39,p<0.001; FA (2,168)=11.89, p<0.01).The recollection (R) and automaticty (A) of recalling negative arousal pictures were better than negative non-arousal pictures and neutral arousal pictures (ps<0.05), and there was no significant difference in recalling negative non-arousal pictures and neutral arousal (ps>0.05); Non-trait anxiety group:different types of negative pictures have no significant influence on both recollection (R) and automaticty (A) (FR(2, 168)=2.58,p>0.05; FA(2.168)=2.76,p>0.05).And there was no significant difference in recalling negative arousal pictures, negative non-arousal pictures and neutral pictures (ps>0.05)(2) Trait anxiety group:different types of positive pictures have no significant influence on recollection (R) (FR(2, 168)=0.76, p>0.05),but had significant influence on automaticty (A) (FA(2, 168)=11.99,p<0.001).For recollection (R),there were no significant difference in recalling positive arousal pictures,positive non-arousal pictures and neutral pictures (ps>0.05).The automaticty (A) of recalling positive arousal pictures were better than positive non-arousal pictures and neutral pictures(ps<0.05); Non-trait anxiety group:different types of positive pictures have significant influence on both recollection (R) and automaticty (A)(FR (2,168)=12.11,p<0.001; FA (2, 168)=18.62,p<0.001). The recollection (R) and automaticty (A) of recalling positive arousal pictures and positive non-arousal pictures were better than neutral pictures.(3)The differences of memory performance between trait anxiety group and non-trait anxiety group were:recollection (R) for negative arousal pictures, automaticty (A) for negative arousal pictures, automaticty (A) for negative non-arousal pictures, recollection (R) for positive arousal pictures, recollection (R) for positive non-arousal pictures, automaticty (A) for positive non-arousal pictures (ps<0.05)(4) Compared with control group, the state anxiety level of experimental group was declined significantly (t (18)=2.64, p<0.05), and the trait anxiety was declined critical significantly (t(18)=2.09,p=0.051).Conclusion:(1) There were the EEM to the implicit memory and explicit memory of negative arousal picture, implicit memory of positive arousal picture for trait anxiety individuals.(2) There were the EEM implicit memory and explicit memory of positive arousal picture and positive non-arousal for non-trait anxiety individuals.(3) The EEM of the implicit memory and explicit memory of negative picture and the implicit memory of positive picture for trait anxiety individuals were influenced by emotional arousal.(4) The EEM of implicit memory of positive picture for non-trait anxiety individuals was influenced by emotional arousal, and the explicit memory of positive picture was influenced by emotional arousal and positive valence.(5) The implicit memory and explicit memory of positive picture for trait anxiety individuals were dissociated.(6) The implicit memory treatment of positive arousal stimulates could reduce the anxiety level of trait anxiety individuals. |
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