Zimmer 's Development And Transcendence Of Schopenhauer And Nietzsche' S Philosophy Of Life

People may be more familiar with Georg Simmel as a sociologist rather than a philosopher, also people may pay more attention to his research on sociology. But the research in the philosophy of life of Simmel can not be ignored. Positive Simmel himself said that, "people all regard me as a sociologist, in fact I feel a little pain—in fact, I am a philosopher, I regard philosophy as a lifelong career while treat sociology as secondary research." This thesis introduces Simmel’s philosophy of life and compares with Simmel’s predecessors or contemporaries of scholars, such as Dilthey, Bergson, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche’s view of life, to show the critique and transcendence of Simmel on the previous thought, to help people get better grasp to Simmel’s, especially the purport of the life philosophy. Simmel’s views on the philosophy of life is mainly reflected in his later years book view of life, in his view of life there are four chapters and also there’re his book’s subtitle—four metaphysical essays, there are Life as Transcendence, The Turn Toward Ideas, Death and Immorality and The Law of the Individual. As Simmel demonstrates, in his studies of figures like Kant and Goethe, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, Rembrandt and Stefan George, the great challenge for readers is to hear how a truly original thinker’s voice expresses his “deepest and ultimate personal attitude to the world”. Simmel’s modernity experience of philosophy is the starting point of regarding "life" as a biological concept and put it into its philosophy category. he proposed, “A new concept came out in the latest 19 th century, the concept of life has been raised to a center position, where the concept of reality has been linked to the value of metaphysics, psychology, ethics, and aesthetics. The View of Life is a sign of Simmel research works, but its only about the relevant part. The typical ideology of Simmel’s view of life first appeared in his early essays about cultural form, social form, individual form and death. In some of the pieces of "metaphysics" published after his death, he may have provided some of the signs that have been directed at the conclusion in the Maxim. In those fragments, Simmel proposed a new subject, the "philosophy of life". This discipline regards life as a complex of process and content, aiming to clearly describe the basic pattern of the integrated process. In the development and surpass of Schopenhauer’s pessimism philosophy and Nietzsche’s powerful will, he formed his own set of philosophy of life. For example, when we study a painting, Simmel will ask, "what is the influence of treating a related system elements to form the life process, and comparing with shape a cognitive or a world of value?" This issue has aroused his early treating on the subjective culture as a personal culture, later suggestions on the meaning of truth, right here, the truth becomes a lifelong expression of sympathy. Although no one can makes it clear how Simmel explained this question, these ideas prompted the exploration of view of life.