The Influence Of The Mink System Of The Minority Nationalities In The Northeast Frontier Of The Qing Dynasty And The Invasion Of Russia

Heilongjiang river basin is located in the northern part of China, bordering Russia. Because of its special geographical position and abundant mineral resources, it has always been a foreign invaders. There are a lot of Hezhen, Ewenki and Oroqen ethnic minority living here, due to historical reasons, some minority nationalities semi ranking China, half is the largest in Russia. The frontier issues and ethnic issues in the northeast region of China, the stability and development of the whole country.In before entering, Nur Ha Che and his son Huangtaiji through the campaign, instead of the Ming Dynasty to Zhaofu, the area under the jurisdiction of the implementation. In addition to set up the management of administrative agencies, is also adapted to local conditions of this implementation "tribute mink reward Wulin" system, minority to the Qing government tribute mink, the Qing government to be reward. This particular "tax policy" mainly emphasizes the political affiliation. In the early days of the implementation, a certain effect was received, consolidating the northeast frontier, maintaining the national unity and promoting the communication between the minority and the central government in this region. But with the Qing government’s accession to the WTO, with its capital in Beijing, the ruling center moved to the south, the Russian Cossacks invaded Heilongjiang Basin, this system in the implementation of the problems appeared in the process of, Xu minorities is not duly paid tribute, and the Qing government has also failed to reward. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty in the Heilongjiang River Valley by Russian Cossacks intrusion, forms the situation in this region occur great changes, but the Qing government did not respond to a reasonable, in the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang Minority migrated to the south. On the one hand caused the border empty, to create the conditions for the further invasion of russia. Hand changed these minorities original production conditions, make many people away from mink origin, it is difficult to pay tribute, and the Qing government levied a taste, making these minority people deviate from, from the tendency of the Qing Dynasty.Management policy in Heilongjiang basin in the Qing government created the area behind, occlusion, to Russia can take advantage of the machine. Russia’s invasion of the then plundered mink, and to plunder the mink sold to Europe and Russia and Mainland China, obtain great economic profits. The impact on the Qing government to collect tribute mink, the Qing government to collect tribute mink more difficult. In 1860 the Sino Russian treaty is signed, the large swaths of territory in the northeast is Russia occupied. Many former to pay tribute to the Qing government’s minority is zoned to Russia, break the stability of the border situation, and contributing marten reward Wulin system ultimately bankruptcy.Qing government carried out the system is to strengthen the contact with the local ethnic minorities, maintain the feudal rule, but only by the sable charged once a year, and no refinement of the management measures, it is difficult to truly put under the jurisdiction of these minorities under the Qing government. The from the "tribute mink reward Wulin" system, explore experiences and lessons of the Qing government in border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in the process of management, explore the territory lost in history, provide reference for today’s Heilongjiang River basin development.