Research On The Operating System Of Rural Pension In China

The issue of sustenance for old people in rural area influence the safety and stabilization of the country, the relieving of rural people's anxious, the reform in rural area, the fulfill of family planning birth control and the development of economics in rural area. So, researching and resolving the issue of provide for olds and building a workable rural pension system is very important.Rural pension system means the relation among fund-raising mechanism, managing and supervising mechanism and investing mechanism. In this article, I discussing from the status of the whole population to the status of rural pension system, and draw some conclusions, such as:(1) Nowadays, our economics has developed for a long time and has achieved some targets, it's time to establish and perfect rural pension system.(2) There're some successful models of rural pension system in the world, such as Japan, Poland, France, Germany, Sweden and so on. We can gain some enlightens through the analysis of the models. Such as: In fund-rising, we should emphasize the responsibility of states and unit and try our best to relieve the burden of individual. In fund managing and supervising, we should establish the corresponding mechanisms and provide specialize subjects and enhance the efficiency. And in the same time, we must formulate the corresponding law. In fund investing, we should construct market and many-facet investing channels. On the base of the insurance of safety, we must try our best to improve the income of the fund.(3) The rural pension system which we use now has it's characteristic, such as: Lower standard with the aim of ensure the provide for the olds, the combination between social endowment insurance and family insurance, rely mainly on individual, subsidize with unit and supplement by states, adopt deposit fashion to accumulate fund and so on. This system has some shortcomings, such as: ①The unreasonable fund-raising proportion, thelower fund-raising standard and the contradiction of voluntary and compel. ②The limit fund-rising scope, the feeble managing and supervising, the short of legality, and the difficulty of maintain and increase in value.(4) To perfect the fund-rising system means to chose the pay-as-you-earn system and establish a fund-rising system rely mainly on individual and state, subsidize with unit and supplement by the public donations. The respective proportion is individual undertake 40-60%, states undertake 30-40%, unit undertake 10-20%. When it comes to determine the fund-rising standard, we must consider some factors and the standard we decide must be accepted by individual and must not hinder the development of economics in rural area. So, we think the standard of 2.78-4.16% of per capita net income of peasants is better.(5) To perfect the managing and supervising system, we should establish the corresponding mechanisms and provide specialized subjects to enhance the efficiency. In the meantime, we must formulate . Besides these, we should enlarge the range of the fund-rising region.(6) To perfect the fund investing system, we must ensure the safety of the endowment. For the benefit of the higher income, we should chose the suitable invest channel and unite them according to the mature degree of our fund market and our rural pension system. The unite which we determined is: national debt 30-40%, bond invest fund about 10%, enterprise debt and finance debt not outstrip 5%, stock about 10%, bank saving 10%, real estate about 10%, and the others not surpass 10%.