Discussion On The Industrialization Of Agricultural Operations In Wanshun Town, Nong'an County, Jilin Province

The industrialization of agricultural operations, a new dynamic mechanism of agricultural operations which appeared in the 1990's, is in line with the general thinking and the strategic intention about the work of "agriculture, peasants, and countries"in new era by the Party central committee and the State Council, and shows its great vitality and developmental potentiality. Because it is in its beginning stages for the industrialization of agricultural operations in Wanshun Town, the practice workers are confused by such practical problems as: what is the internal rule of the industrialization of agricultural development; how do we solve the current problems? What kind of modes for the industrialization of agricultural development should be constructed in keeping with the local reality? How many good external environments should be required for the industrialization of agricultural operations? What roles does the government play to lead the industrialization of agricultural operations and how is its position set? Due to the work relation, combining the practical work experiences and study on public management, and through the introduction and analysis to the research on the industrialization of agricultural operations in Wanshun Town, the author tries to study the above issues from the levels of theory and practice, and puts forward his suggestions and tentative ideas to solve the questions. Starting from the objective introduction to the industrialization of agricultural operations in Wanshun Town, the article makes a deep analysis and summary to its existing problems. The study on the industrialization of agricultural operations in Wanshun Town can be generally summarized as: based on the local practice, making programs to develop agricultural produces processing industry in Wanshun Town; clarifying the general thinking, developmental aims and work targets; organizing the foundation of associations and special organs for administration and service; according to the local practice, constructing the leading enterprises for agricultural produces; changing the duty of the local government from the past simple management into service, service for the leading enterprises and for the majority of peasants. Although some progresses have been made, it is still in the beginning stages and exist many problems like internal and external environments. The internal problems mainly include: it lacks full developments for major leading enterprises, and more competitive produces with high technology; it lacks large-scale operations, specialized large-scale bases and high standards for construction; it lacks famous brand produces, and the low level and small amounts lead to low market percentages and less market competition ability; the level of organizing peasants is low, and the unhealthy organizations of medium services and the incomplete socialized service system lack cohesion of peasants; the operating mechanism for industrialization is not standardized, supports to the leading enterprises are not enough, and the managing system cannot keep in line with the demands of the development of the agricultural industrialization; problems are existing in the aspect of the benefit mechanism of industrializing operations; and so on. Among them, the core of the internal problems is the non-general benefits and the non-symmetry of the capacity in the aspect of the benefit mechanism. The external problems mainly include: the policy of financial aids to peasants is not complete; great limitations exist in the rural land system of responsibility; the organization degree of agriculture is in low level; the market is incomplete and unhealthy; the agricultural technology is in low level; the human resource is with low quality, and so on. Those problems prohibit the demands of the development of agricultural industrialization. The above problems show that the industrialization of agricultural operations cannot be realized just by peasants themselves in the current situation of our developing market economy and peasants with lower qualities; instead, it needs to fully utilize the duties of lead, service, supports and regulations by the government, and deal with the relation of government and market wisely. It has been proved by practice that the three basic conditions to keep the market mechanism in good operations are the qualified market body, the unified, open market system with competition and orders, and the complete and effective macro adjustment and management of the government. The interference of the government is needed especially in our current period of changing economy types. Without the good environments and systemcreated by the government for operating the market, the market is possible to become an uncontrolled power to cause varieties of uncertainties, risks and the vibrations of economy; without the lead, management and service of the government, it is hard to endure the lash of market economy for the innumerable scattered peasant households. The realization of the relation between the government and the market in developing the economy is deepened with the development of practice. People gradually realize that both the government and the market are needed for developing the economy, and it is not feasible or it will produce no good effects to depend on just one of them in practice. We can say that the roles the government played in economic development is not "a question that whether is needed or not", but "a question how to bring it into play". As an important developing country, China is in her type-changing period. The market itself is not enough to achieve the agricultural industrialization and support the development of rural areas and other regions with poor economy. Besides the measure of market economy, the positive services and participations of the government are also needed. The positive services and participations of the government are with important significances to the development of agricultural industrialization. However, the overdue interferences of the government will influence the basic roles of market o\to resources attribution and suppress the vitality of the market body, and thus prohibits the development of agricultural industrialization. Therefore, the interferences must be proper. Playing down the importance of the government will cause anarchism while playing up its function will cause improper interferences, both of which will damage the benefits of peasants and influence the healthy development of the industrialization of agricultural operations. The author holds that the government must respect the main position of peasants, respect their will and the decision-making power of producing and operating, including the power to contract land, power to decide producing and operating, power to dispose produces, and so on, because peasants are the main body of investors, benefits and risk sufferers in adjusting the agricultural and rural construction. The interferences of the government should be limited as not breaking the market mechanism of dealing agricultural produces, and the constructionadjustment should be leaded by the market instead of the government. The disorder of market determines the necessity of the interferences of the government to economic activities. While it is must be noticed that the disorder of market is the precondition but not the full conditions for the action of government. To overcome the defaults of market, the actions of the government are needed, however, when overcoming the defaults, the government still faces problems of utilizing the market mechanism. In the market economy, market mechanism always plays leading roles in economic activities; while the interferences of the government are just of assistance and supplement. But meanwhile, the government doesn't do nothing in the economic activities but give full play to the roles of its public beneficial people, administrators, safe guarders, and adjustors. Agricultural industrialization poses new requests to the government. A government with limited and effective service is needed for the road of agricultural industrialization. It is only such kind of government that can give its full positive play to agricultural industrialization. At the same time, the government should reform its systems and ways that interfere the economy too much, concentrate its strength on serving for agricultural industrialization and change the governmental duties of economic management into mainly serving for the market and creating good environments for developing the agricultural industrialization. The government should do what the market cannot do and shouldn't do what the market can do. No matter to do or not to do, it should be responsible. The government should improve its level and efficiency of safe guarding and promoting agricultural industrialization, and improve its level of economy forecasting, policy studying and managing and operating. Therefore it must improve the scientific and democratic level of decision-making, produce system reform and operating system innovation, enforce the system of open information, system of public finance, system of arguing the feasibility of governmental program, system of evaluation and supervising after the program, system of examining and checking the government office workers; the government should actively innovating its manners of functions, and apply more policies that are compatible with the market such as financial discount and credits assurance when adjusting theeconomy; the government should pay attention to administrate according to law. When serving for agricultural industrialization, the government also needs laws to obey, to use the government power properly, to strength its efficiency through the laws, and meanwhile regulate the government behaviors to avoid the abuse of the government power. Governments at different levels should clarify each power in order to make full use of the function of the government. For governments at higher level, first, they should enlarge the distribution to agriculture and the rural areas to try to provide more public products for countries as soon as possible, to promote the innovation of system, change the current situation of discriminating countries, to change the separation between cities and towns, promote the development of rural economy, build a good platform, for economy of cities and towns, and create the environment for a comparatively relax, and fair system. The specific measures mainly include: provide more investments on fundamental instruments for rural areas; improve the policy of financial aids to agriculture, add the agricultural investments, and attract and lead the agricultural investments in the whole society; clarify and enhance the duty of supporting rural primary education with state and provincial finance; the government should enlarge the financial aids, and explore a rural social security system that suits to our state condition; broaden the technology service; enlarge the scope of test spots for agriculture assurance, and improve agriculture assurance gradually to support the industrialization of agriculture; reconstruct and improve the rural financial service system; build the quality standard for agriculture and supervising system; improve the system of agricultural law. Second, adopt the feasibly and practical countermeasures, and focus on the construction of the rural socialized service system. For the grass roots government of Wanshun Town, first, enlarge the scope of reform and innovation, and build the mechanism of land turns; second, construct new type of agricultural cooperation organizations actively, and improve the level of organization for peasants; third, be a good bridge between enterprises and agriculture, and develop the agricultural order form actively. Through the government's guide, service, supports and adjustment, dispel the restriction factor in the construction of industrialization. Jump outof the agriculture itself to stress the agriculture, rely on the serve to promote the agriculture, make unified program, and adopt measures based on local conditions, and realize the goal of the construction of agricultural industrialization in Wanshun Town according to the objective requests for the development of modernized agricultural and new characteristic of the agricultural economy of our country. That is, to achieve the goal of high-quality agricultural produces, the area distribution of the agricultural production, the integrated processing of agricultural produces, the market circulation of agricultural produces, the standardization of producing, the rationalization of disposing key elements of agriculture, the modernization of transmission means for agricultural information, the urbanization of constructing countries, the internationalization of the competition of agricultural produces, the maximization of agricultural economic benefits. The government office workers at different level of the government in Wanshun Town should change their ideas from the traditional agricultural view into the industrial idea, the idea of developing market competition, the idea of economic benefits, the idea of circulating development, and use the industrialized thinking to plan agriculture, advance transformation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, thus solve the problems of "agriculture, peasants and countries"in Wanshun Town and promote the overall well-to-do level in Wanshun Town.