Anticipatory Governance Of Science And Technology

Science and technology have been showing their unique charm after they were made, and brought broad prospects for human development, thus it has also been unprecedented respect. Praised highly by traditional view, science and technology look like a bolter can’t stop their steps across the vast grassland of the human society. And the results are also obvious: science and technology not only bring prosperity to the earth’s surface, but also undermine the earth’s ecological system that human survival and development rely on; science and technology not only create enormous material civilization, but also provide an efficient way to destroy this civilization. With the emergence of ethical issue triggered by food safety,environmental pollution,clone technology and so on, we have to warn the consequences of science and technology. In oder to aviod such risks and concerns, the 50’s of the last century, technology assessment began to pop up, it has experienced two stages of development: early warning technology assessment and constructive technology assessment. To an extent, each assessment reduces the risks of science and technology, but both have great limitations. Although the constructive technology assessment has made up the defect of early warning technology, it has made up a lot of problems, and each problem is fatal to itself, because these problems are related to the value of constructive technology assessment. Under this kind of problems and difficulties, the antipatory governance of science and technology is put forward by Guston. He conducted a preliminary interpretation and set people thinking. But the search did not find the specific content of the relevant literature.On the basis of the above research, this paper makes an in-depty theoretical analysis of anticipatory governance. Anticipatory governance which is based on “anticipatory”, “governance”as the core, emphasizing communication and cooperation between different stakeholders, have common pursuit to explore new knowledge in the process in the future. Anticipatory governance is divided into two parts: anticipatory and governance. Anticipatory’s essence is ability. It is designed as an extension of the whole society, with a wide range of basic capabilities, futher specifically can be divided into the following three capabilities: one is the ability to foresee; the second is the ability to participate; the third is the ability to integrate. It incentives activities in the form of foresight, participation, integration or through their own production system to build these abilities. These abilities encourage scientists, engineers, policy makers and other public to reflect on their role in the new technology. The three abilities are not isolated, but mutually permeable and supportive. “governance”as the core of anticipatory governance,its essence is “practice”,its purpose is to realize and improve the above threee kinds of ability. Correspond to three kinds of ability, therefore, we will be divided it into three kinds of practice: the foresight process of multi participation, the participation process in the democratic perspective and the deeper integration process. Each process not only improve our ability, but also helps us solve the difficult problems of the scientific management. By emphasizing teh foresight process of multi participation, points out that we not predict the technology or the future, but to explore new konwledge, so as to avoid the embarrassment of the technology forecast; by emphasizing the participation in the process of democracy, we solve the problem of how to participate in the constructive technology assessment; by emphasizing the deeper integration process, we solve how to coordinate different stakeholders and how to make an activity more cohesive. It as a practice does not meet the evaluation criteria, if we must find a criteria for it, is major interest. Therefore, anticipatory as a theoretical basis tells us the question of “what”, governance as the embodiment of its practice tells us the question of “how to do.” So anticipatory governance not only has rich theoretical content as a support, but has the specific practice as a guide, not just stay on the characterization of the static level, but also emphasize practice of dynamic operational level. It is significant for us to go out of the predicament of science and technology management.Finally, this paper analyzes the anticipatory governance of science and technology in our country, expounds the role of different stakeholders in the decision-making, and now how to pay attention to the anticipatory governance of science and technology to promote the development of science and technology in our country.