The Governance Of Risk About Science And Technology In Innovational Era

Science and technology have brought to human enormous wealth and comfortable life seince innovational era. It made human ability to more strengthen to transform and control of natural continuely through technology. In the era of innovation, there are many characteristics of science and technology activities:multiple participant, interrelated objectes of mass, application of achievements into high-speed, competitive global, functional duality and so on.The innovation activities generate a number of risks. Risks of science and technology can are divided into internal risks and external risks. Internal risk possess the complexity and uncertainty of the science and technology themself, and limitation capacity of human understanding and control nature, and other factors. These made that human innovate more difficultly, even lead to failure of innovation. Receptors of internal risk are participant of scientific and technological activities directly. External risk is in the process of technological innovation and application scientific and technological activities or artificial objects for existing objects (such as environmental, resource, etc.) human and social structure produce a lot of harm (such as the participant unwilling to bear the corresponding risks, in science and technology activities, or shift various types of risk to other participant, unjust allocation of risk affect society and the world stability). In addition to external risks immediacy participant, there are various types of non-directly participant, even natural ecological and other inhuman object.The scientific and technological risk need to governance. The governace of risk possess complexity. Different participants in the identification of scientific and technological risk are difference. For long time, some risks can not be attributable to participant. To resolve the risk of organized irresponsible, this requires stakeholders participate in the governance of science and technology activities at different stages.R&D is the initial stage of the scientific and technological innovation. Governance is necessary to give full play to the multi-participant of the forward-looking risk assessment of scientific and technological innovation, so select acceptable research areas and risks. That multi-actors participate in advice is an effective way to select the field of R&D. In the emerging nanotechnology R&D, non-governmental organizations are playing an important role.Technology accident is a sign of technological risks appear. The accident causation is also changing with development of scientific and technological innovations. In addition to the accident with manufacture, there are many accidents take place in the process of application and consumption. Thus, the different actors are receptors for the accident early warning. Based on the early warning of the accidents is the relevance and necessity of prevention and control risk.Inevitable risk of technology, but more importantly, once the risks must be reasonably allocated. Risk must be attributed to which participant by the ethical and legal. The allocation principle is the principle of justice and the principle of no-fault liability. Through contract-style, market-style, government-style and other risk allocation approach to achieve responsibility to reachabilityScientific and technological innovation can not terminate. The purpose of the risk governace is that the risk of civilization about seinece and technologe be civilized. Restricted actors by external governace of risk, therefore, we need to construct a new politices of science and technology, in order to achieve sustainable human services with science and technology. Farthermost, the participant needs to strengthen the inner self-discipline, and to construct a "harmonious" concept of scientific and technological development.