The Study About Interaction Between Farming And Pasturing: From Ecological Anthropology Perspective

Ecological anthropology has always attaches great importance to the relationship between theecological environment and culture. Ecological environment has been affecting the local people’sproduction, life style and pattern of organization, so ecological environment plays an important role on ourcultures. Throughout the Xinjiang region, since the1990s of last century, due to natural and human factors,the environment has been gradually deteriorating and all local ethnic groups’economy and culture has beenaffected. In this context, a series of policies such as herdsmen settlement, regional industrial structureadjustment have been implemented. In order to cope with the impact of environment deterioration oneconomy, the regional economy has also shown a trend of diversity. The exchanges of economy and cultureamong different ethnic groups have also become more and more close. In this new situation, how to carryon socio-cultural integration to enhance the adaptation to environment for people of all ethnic groups hasbecome an academic question which worthy to be discussed.This thesis takes Manas county of Xinjiang as an example, Through ecological anthropologyperspective to investigate after the change of environment, how about connection between local Kazak andHan Chinese on various aspects of economy, culture, social interaction, and analyzes the economicstructure change from the view of national habitat conditions, as well as the trend of national interaction inthe context of human ecological system. Then to grasp the intrinsic relationship between the ecologicalenvironment and national interaction, and explore a new way which benefit to the development of all ethnicgroups. The thesis mainly consists of five parts:The first part is introduction, this part mainly introduce the domestic and foreign theories ofecological anthropology, the research overview of interaction between country and pasturing area, and thereasons, significance, methods as well as why choose Manas county as survey spot.The second part, it introduces basic situation of investigation region. The author totally chose twosurvey spots, one is Xinqu county which Han Chinese as main group, another is Minma county whichKazak as main group. These two survey spots are convenient to do comparison research, and analyze thegeneral situation about local socio-historical background, cultural and economic life.The third part, it introduces the change of environment at Manas county as well as economic influenceto local area, then analyze the causes of environment degradation as well as the impact of environmentchange to county and pasturing area. At last the author will analyze the problem about national habitatafter the change of economic structure.The fourth part, it introduces the interaction between Kazak and Han Chinese under the background ofenvironment change, and summarize the several types of Kazak herdsmen settlement, then talk about theinteraction of different kinds, characters between county and pasturing area, as well as related analysis ofanthropology. The ethnic group and ecological niche, the feed trade and biological adaptation of culturewill be done as in-depth study.The fifth part is conclusion, it introduces the thinking about the interaction among different groupsfrom the ecological anthropology angel, the national economy, national relationship and ecologicalenvironment will be analyzed, and inductive thinking based on field research, finally draw a conclusion.