Study On Process And Antifatigue Function Of Instant Pollen

A new instant solid drink was made of bee pollen, milk powder and stabilizing agents in this research. The technique of breaking cell wall of rape bee pollen with enzyme hydrolysis, the optimal formula, freeze-drying and anti-fatigue function of instant pollen were studied. The major results were summarized as follows:(1) According to the single factor tests of complex enzymes, the optimal ratio of the three enzymes was determined as follows:cellulose: pectinase:papian=4:1:2. Based on the single factors, response surface experimental design was used to build a quadratic polynomial regression model equation about enzyme hydrolysis time(X1), amounts of complex enzymes(X2), temperature(X3), solid-liquid ratio(X4) and the rate of wall-breaking rape pollen(Y): Y=87.60+2.58X1+2.83xX2+1.42X3+3.17X4+1.75X1X2+2.25X2X4+2.00X3X4-3.67X12-5.05X22-4.17X32-4.30X42. Partial derivative of the regression equation was calculated, and the best condition of enzyme hydrolysis were enzyme hydrolysis time7.19h, amounts of complex enzymes12.31%o, temperature51.94℃and solid-liquid ratio1:14, which the rate of wall-breaking rape pollen reached90.56%.(2) Formula of instant pollen was studied by orthogonal experiment of four factors and three levels, and the wettability, dispersibility, packing density of instant powder were observed. The optimum formula was determined as follows:xanthan gum0.2%, guar gum0.1%, milk power25%and silicon dioxide1.2%. The content of xanthan gum significantly influenced the wettability and packing density, and the content of silicon dioxide had notable impact on dispersibility, while the content of guar gum and milk power have no observation effect on the three indexes of instant pollen.(3) The eutectic and melting point temperature of40%concentrated pollen were tested by the method of resistance determination, which separately were-22℃-26℃and-22℃--20℃. The U6(46) uniform experiment was designed to optimize the process based on freeze drying rate as index, parameters of freeze drying (material thickness, vacuum pressure, sublimation temperature, desorption temperature). The regression equation was: Y=3.9551-0.0333X3+0.0100X4-0.0032X,X2+0.00138X3X4. The best parameters of every factor were that:material thickness2mm, vacuum pressure51Pa, sublimation temperature20℃, desorption temperature60℃. Under these conditions, freeze drying rate had reached5.22%/h.(4) Anti-fatigue effect of instant pollen on mice was also investigated. Instant pollen was given intragastrically to mice in different dose for21days, and then load-swimming test was carried out. Results showed that instant pollen had the obvious ability of prolonging the swimming time, increasing liver glycogen; reducing the serum urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid of post-exercise mice. The broken wall pollen and instant pollen of high and medium dose had significant effect on anti-fatigue. At last, the content of major nutrients in the instant pollen was determined. The contents of total sugar, protein, fat, falconoid increased except moisture, crude protein and vitamin C. Specially, the content of falconoid of instant pollen as twice as raw pollen.