’Robust’ Influence Factors Of Environment Pollution In China

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economic development has maderemarkable achievements, total economic output from364.52billion Yuan in1978roseto51.9trillion Yuan in2012, the level of urbanization increased from17.92%to52.57%respectively. However, rapid economic growth has also increased the pressureon resources utilization and environmental protection. Environmental pollution isincreasingly becoming the focus of attention of the government and the public. In thestudy of environmental pollution, some questions worth considering about: Whetherthere is the existence of space spillover effects in environmental pollution, whendifferent environmental pollutants are regarded as the research object and examining thedifferent factors of pollutants, What are the common factors, which are the personalityfactors, what are the direct and indirect causes of environmental pollutions, what are thecontributing factors, which are hindering factors of environmental pollutions. To answerthese questions, based on the theory of environmental economics, we employ the modelof improved extreme bounds analysis (EBA) model and related applications program,using the spatial panel data of30provincial regions during2000~2011, and empiricallytests spillover effects and environmental Kuznets curve shape of environmentalpollution, and analyzes the factors which have ’robust’ effects on environmentalpollution in provincial regions, such obtain environmental pollution ’robust’ factors. Themain conclusions are as follows:Relationship of air and water pollution between economic growth are not the same,also the ’robust’ factors. There exists ’robust’ spillover effects among provincial regions ofair pollution, but water pollution’s spatial correlation is not significant. In addition, a’robust’ EKC hypothesis inverted ’U’-shaped relationship is confirmed in sulfur dioxideemissions and economic growth in China provinces regions. The five factors, haveanti-interference, robust, and significant impacts on air pollution. Industrial structure,chemical fertilizer, energy efficiency, investment and industrial pollution have robustand positive impacts on sulfur dioxide emissions. Upgrading of industrial structure hasnegative ’robust’ impacts on sulfur dioxide emissions. Industrial upgrading, theproportion of secondary industry employed population, population density, the naturalgrowth rate of the resident population, the proportion of technology spending tofinancial expenditure, industrial pollution control investment, industrial wastewatertreatment facilities which seven factors have anti-interference,’robust’, and significant impacts on wastewater.Based on these results, we propose some suggestions on which governments makepolicy of environmental protection and economic development. The policy implicationsof this study contain four aspects:1) to adjust the industrial structure, accelerate theupgrading of industrial structure;2) to optimize energy consumption structure, developnew energy, and to renewable energy;3）to increase investment in environmentalprotection, use of market mechanisms, strengthen environmental management;4) tostrengthen regional environmental cooperation, build long-term mechanism forcoordinated regional development. These recommendations provide empirical evidenceand decision-making reference for the Government to formulate environmentalprotection and economic development policies.