| Gemini surfactant with special molecular structure is a new generation of surfactant,which ismade up of two identical amphiphobic moieties covalently connected at the level of the headgroups by a spacer group. By this way, the separation between the polar head groups withinGemini surfactant is strongly decreased when they aggregate and thus the surface activity isgreatly enhanced.Chemical additives and water are the main medium of the processes in the traditional textileprinting and dyeing and finishing. How to reduce using water, waste generation, to achieve cleanerprocessing, is the key to sustainable development in today’s textile printing and dyeing industry.When traditional fabrics are disseminated, the bath ratio of fabric is generally 1:10-1:15. It is nodoubt right and of great significance to develop the small bath ratio 1:3-5 dyeing to save water andenergy and reduce emissions from printing and dyeing waste water. Therefore, low bath ratio orultra-low liquor ratio dyeing has been an important research topic in the dyeing and finishing.Ultra-low liquor ratio dyeing and aerosol dyeing are setting an good example to develop highlyefficient water-saving and reduce consumption of new technologies in printing and dyeingindustry. However, in the low bath ratio, dyes are easy to join and aggregate, the reunion of dyeshas significantly affected the dyeing properties of dyes. In practice, when the bath ratio is below1:5, there are big problems of dyeing leveling, such as dyeing flower and difficult to control, sothe development and application of low liquor ratio dyeing technology are related to the settlementof the high solubility of the dyeing chemicals and the systemic supporting development issues forauxiliary such as the efficient solubilization, penetration and levelness of surfactant. Undoubtfully,the development of low liquor ratio dyeing technology is acting a positive role to help textileprinting and dyeing industry to realize the resource-saving and environment-friendlyindustrialization.With the maleic anhydride and various alcohols as raw materials, structurally similar to thestructure of Gemini, the surfactants of dialkyl maleic acid ester series are synthesized through theesterification reaction and sulfonation reaction. The general structure formula of the synthesizedsurfactant is as follow: Their structures were characterized by FTIR and ’HNMR.Their surface activity was studied.The results show that their activity is higher than that of conventional surfactants, the length ofhydrocarbon chain influence the activity.With the increase of hydrocarbon chain in length, theCMC reduce.The spectral properties of the dual-alkyl maleic acid ester surfactant were studied throughUV-Vis spectroscopy in the dye solution, and the interaction between dual-alkyl maleic acid estersurfactant and dye is discussed in the different conditions of bath ratio, as well as the aggregationproperties of dyes. The spectral properties of the micelle system which is formed by interactionamong dye, electrolyte and surfactant are systematically discussed.We have studied the effect of dual-alkyl maleic acid ester surfactants on the dyeing propertiesof reactive dyes. Through reactive dye eigenvalues S, E, F, R values, the dyeing properties ofsurfactants-dye system are evaluated. The results showed: In the micelles formed by dual-alkylmaleic acid ester surfactant, S-values of dye is lower, E and F values are close to the case withoutadditives, acting the role of slow dye in the dyeing. Among the surfactants, leveling of maleic acidester sulfonate is best, and it has a good effect to dyeing.We compare sodium sulfosuccinate anionic surfactant level dyeing properties of reactive dyesby analyzing the apparent color depth K / S value,the total value of△E and characteristics of thecolor values of S values. The results showed: sodium sulfosuccinate anionic surfactants K / S,△E, S value is relatively low, level dyeing is better. |
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