Study On In Centive And Constraint Mechanism Of State

The encouragement and the restraint has different implication in the management and economics, the management regards the encouragement as the stimulation and the encouragement, and the restraint is regarded as the restriction and the limitation. In the economics the encouragement and the restraint are often regarded as the concept of encouragement. It is the propelling force of behavior, but restraint is the reversing one.There are two kinds of popular management stimulation theories, one is the stimulation theory which studies human's psychological demand and motivation. Another is encouragement process theory, which studies the dynamic system of interaction with human's psychological process and the behavior process for the research object.The encouragement and restraint theory applied in the management and forming the enterprise system is enterprise's stimulation and restraint system, which may divide into following several kinds from the different angle: The encouragement restraint outside company, including the competitive product market, the capital market, the manager market, the market take-over control; The encouragement restraint from company inside---- the encouragement plan, internal human resources market, the organization investor's encouragement restraint and the encouragement restraint of the board. Fom the object for encouragement , it can be divided into the encouragement of enterprise owners and the staff, the staff and the multi-dimensional beneficial correlation, the individual and the team. From the way of encouragement, it can be divided into the encouragement of single currency and multi-dimensional effectiveness , human nature and individuality , short-term and long-term, system and enterprise culture.At present the national holding commercial bank from the commercial bank of four great nations to transfer, its special shareholder and the stockholder's rights constitute the special trust– agent relation, the trust– agent theory refers to one or many main bodies according to the contract, hiring some other main bodies to serve for it, simultaneously awarded the latter certain decision-making right, and service quantity and quality which provided according to the latter to pay corresponding reward. The authorized is the trustee, by the authorized is the agent.The state-owned commercial bank after the reform, its property-right structure changes national holding from the national entire capital, its shareholder from solely to multi-dimensional. President has no power to management achievement, and also does not undertake the responsibility. Therefore, it is necessary for the trustee to design a set of effective encouragement restraint according to the managing behavior and the result of the agent. At present the nationalholding commercial bank does not establish effective and reasonable encouragement restraint system, but also has very many problems.From the restraint system, exterior restraint deficiency is lack of the legal regulation which is compulsory system restraint, lack of the market prestige, the morals and the public opinion and so on the soft restraint, lack of the restriction of the concerned ; The internal restraint deficiency is lack of the effective internal governing structure, imperfect internal regulations of the bank, and internal supervising and managing is weak, From the encouragement, the national holding commercial bank is lack of the system vacancy– the biggest shareholder is a government, the measure to encourage is improper, the method is simple, paying attention to the material to reward, but contempt training work, the achievements examination and critique is unreasonable, the encouragement is unscientific, the level is unclear, lacks the unity and the continuity, in the personnel system arrangement exists selecting the system deficient phenomenon.Chinese construction bank as country holding commercial banks took the lead in the management to introduce the encouragement restraint, the general headquarters of the construction bank has produced"the personnel and the encouragement restraint plan"in 2003, which has four aspects from the employment system, the salary system reform, the labor system reform, to the training system reform, its basic pattern has not changed greatly. This article takes the Chinese construction bank Siping branch as a case, analyzed encouragement restraint in detail applied in the construction bank.There are nearly 10 kinds of encouragement restraint in Siping branch of the construction bank, this article introduced"the achievement inspection plan of the Chinese construction bank,Siping branch in 2006". The plan introduced the concept of the economy to increase value which is most essential material base for the economical examination and critique system. This plan acts according to the higher authority of encouragement restraint reform the request and the related policy guidance, in province branch's overall frame, emphasizes on the prominent shareholder repayment and bank value maximization goal,Take the management achievements inspection as the core target, it is clear about the encouragement economy to increase the value total quantity direction under the premise, also fully considered the economy increases the value. The implementation of"bonus pond"the system, avoids various quarters or the year achievements wages imbalanced, the implementation"to abundant makes up owes". We summarize Siping branches o f construction bank about examination and critique plans and results application, here is the general character: (1)Not completely understood the achievements examination and critique the essence, the examination and critique result utilization is not full; (2)The achievements examination and critique that the participation of staff is insufficient; (3)Confuses the achievements examination and critique with the wages examination and critique; (4)The achievements examination and critique means of incentive is not flexible; (5) the correlation of examination and critique target is not high; (6)The target design of examination and critique and the long-term strategic relation is not close; (7) Foundation barrier existed in management technology and information system; (8)The results of examination and critique lack the effective feedback.Through the analysis encouragement restraint of Siping branches of the construction bank, this article put forward several proposals to the consummation national holding commercial bank encouragement restraint. In restraint aspect, we should establish and perfect the internal restraint of national holding commercial bank, including, the perfect rules and regulations, fully uses the contract to constrict the staff and perfect internal monitoring system, speed up establishment of independent pattern. Consummates exterior restraint include: The perfect the construction of national laws and regulations, strengthening the financial supervising and managing; Perfect the construction of social credit system and the moral restraint and the restraint of human capital market; and establishment of professional banker system. In encouragement aspect: First of all we must establish the perfect achievements system of assessment, strengthen the construction of achievements inspection information system; Increase non-professional quota, perfect crosswise achievements examination and critique; perfect the feedback in the examination and critique, improve the overall link; The achievements examination and critique goal guidance must be explicit; and the inspection system needs to give dual attention to the long-range objective and the short-term goal; we should ask the whole staff to participate and pay attention to communicate and evaluate. Next we will establish encouragement to take manpower development as core spiritual stratification, because an enterprise can survives not by the structural style and the management skill, but the humanist enterprise culture, we may say, the type of the superintendent decides the type of the enterprise culture. It is important for enterprise to construct enterprise culture which the whole staff agree. Moreover, we must pay great attention to diversification of encouragement and establish the value system of basic staff. Through the selection of the competitive talented person, we can form reasonable system of human resource flow and the promotion.