On The Assignment Of Managerial Authority Of Scenic Spots In China

The assignment of managerial authority of scenic and historical sites refers to the transferring of operation and managerial authority in a certain period, with the purpose to effectively protect and rationally utilize the precious resources, there to elevate the level of tapping the resources and enhance its management standard, and to achieve the goal of perpetual use of resources in the scenic spots. In this process, through the investment ways, such as leasing, contracting and buying, corporately operate, the enterprise invests in the scenic spots. With the assignment of managerial authority, the scenic spots can get new investor capital entrance and carry out market-oriented operation. There are many successful cases in the assignment of the managerial authority since 1990's later stage, but still many problems had come forth, such as the losing and damaging of state assets, unclearly distribution of rights and duties in operation and management as well as the lack of legal protection. Some branches (such as Ministry of Construction,Administration of Cultural Heritage) and related experts and scholars hold criticism attitude to the assignment, and some transfer plans were halfway aborted. Owing to the request that theory and practice develop, and on the base of assimilating the ready-made research results, and angling from the relation of property right and managerial authority, through using property right theory, common economics theory , resource transform theory and sustainable development theory , this paper has brought forward a new analytical framework on the problem of assignment.In generally, the proprietary rights of natural landscape and scenery famous resources are clearly and unable be owned privately. But judging by successful experiences of all the countries in the world and some practical cases in our country, getting new capital entrance by transferring managerial authority not only beneficial to the resource exploitation and protection but also can upgrade the resource value. This article has fixed that scenic spots'property rights can be decomposed and traded, and made clear that the assignment of the scenic spots does not violate the basic attribute that the scenic spots resources belonging to all. The text has explained theoretically that resources changing into capital benefit to improving the level of management and boosting the innovation of management system.This paper has studied the practical cases and the problems of the assignment of managerial authority of scenic spots during the past 10 years with demonstration. According to the degree and strength that non-governmentally operated enterprise and social capital participate in the management and operation of the scenic spots, the assignment models have been classified as total assignment, partial assignment and project franchised operation. This article points out that there are many problems in the total assignment model, such as losing of state-owned assets, resources have been utilized excessively, indeterminate scenic spots responsibility, social public behalf being derided easily. Excepting above-mentioned problems, the partial assignment pattern also has many problems such as the enterprise supervision strength from government in not strong, the management of enterprise is easily affected by government's will. The project franchised operation pattern has fewer problems, however, there are some problems such as supervise cost is excessive, the enterprise enthusiasm and the ability to innovate are low in this pattern.According to the operation mechanism that the scenic spots transfer its managerial authority, this paper has analyzed the correlation of the related interest bodies who related with property right and managerial authority in the course of assignment, and then brought forward a basic management idea, that is : the country should administrate the property rights of the scenic spots as a whole; the local government is responsible for the outside environment management; the resources authorities do the functional management; the supervisors of the scenic spots are in charge of the daily management; the operating companies in the spots do the practical development and construction; and the local residents and tourists shall participate in the spots'management and the resources protection .In order to perfect the effective mechanism that the assignment of managerial authority of scenic the paper systematically analyze the problems that the management mechanism of scenic spots, the evaluating system, time limits for assignment, the arrangement of transfer institution and so on. Then put forward an administrative mechanism in which the ownership, the managerial authority and executive rights have been separated. It has introduced the price estimating principle, the price effect factor, the price fixing method, and mostly introduces the application theory of the method of income deoxidizing in the price evaluation of the scenic spots operating rights with reference to the method of evaluating the land price. This paper points out that the assigned company should have the ownership of facilities equipped in the spots during its operating time, and its renewing rights for the assignment should be lawfully guaranteed. The text has stated the transferring principle, the transferring procedure and legislation system in research of the transferring arrangement, and brought forward the idea that protection for the spots should be the precondition and the spots should be planned before being transferred. Face to the phenomenon that the entrance ticket price of scenic spots is going up, this paper has brought forward the countermeasures and methods of perfecting ticket price management. Viewing from the angle to maximize the consumers'interest, an effective model has been put forward in this paper. It has put forward the practice measure about building the manage arrangement of the entrance ticket price, and point out that broadening the earning channels, setting up big tour mental consciousness and building-up scenic spot protection foundation by social contribute and issuing lottery will solve the raising problem bitterly.