Research On The Governmental Franchise Mode Of National Parks

This paper reviews the situations of operation right transfer of China's national parks since mid-90s of last century, and summarizes various kinds of opinions of academia on it. Based on the theories of Property Right and Government Regulation, it figures out the problems that exit in the process of transfer, and brings the concept of Governmental Franchise into the research on the transfer of national parks' operation right to work out a National Parks' Governmental Franchise Mode. Before working out the mode, the author analyzes the relationships among the stake holders, understands the right-given process from the central government to local government, and figures out the responsibilities, rights, and interests of both national park administrator and operating companied by investigating in several national parks and referring to many academic papers. Then, the author builds three structures. They are the Basic Relations Structure, Right- Given Process Structure and Working and Management Structure. These structures make up of a complete National Parks' Governmental Franchise Mode. After working out the mode, the author talks about how to apply it and gives some advices on using it. Furthermore, the author put forward two important problems, which are selecting appropriate companies and perfecting management and supervising systems, and two difficult problems, which are evaluating the values of resources and stimulating the companies, on using the mode.There are two main innovative points in the paper. First, it brings the concept of Governmental Franchise into the research on the transfer of national parks' operation right, extending the ranges of the concept. Second, it uses the Principal-Agent theory to analyze the difficult problems in the process of applying the mode.The evaluation on the values of national park resources is crucial in this paper. Although it is hardly possible to correctly evaluate its values, the paper still introduces some value-evaluation methods, including the Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method.