Theories Research On Sustainable Tourism Planning

Nowadays, Tourism planning research in China lacks for studies of scientific tourism planning models from macro to micro views. However, the sustainable tourism development theory based on sustainable development theory give a ray of hope to the tourism planning research. This Article develops the new concept "sustainable tourism planning" based on the combination of tourism planning theory and sustainable tourism development theory. The definition of "sustainable tourism planning" is to take "achievement of sustainable tourism development" as its integrative aim and take actions and arrangement of elements to optimize structure of the tourism destination system.The supportive theories system of sustainable tourism planning include 3 levels: While from the philosophy view, includes sustainable development theory and systematic sciences; from the background theories level, includes tourism economics, tourism sociology, tourism psychology, tourism ecology, regional economics and co relational laws and rules, etc.; from the applied measures and technologies level, it includes the public participation theory and methods, tourism environmental capacity tools, EIA theory and implemental tools, tourism systematic planning methods and tourism ecosystem planning technologies etc.According to the systematic sustainable tourism theories above, the paper select the general planning level of "master plan of tourism area", study to adjust the process and contents of planning to tally with the principles and needs of sustainable development, then form the "sustainable tourism area planning model". This new planning model emphasize such requests: (1) the aim of tourism planning must be sustainable: set "improving tourist's satisfaction, ameliorating economic benefits, persistent utilizing resources, intergradations of the community" as the planning goals; (2) the tourism planning process must be sustainable: the feasibility analysis on whether the determination to explore tourism industry is reasonable is necessary; the process of select the tourism planner should be put in a open and normative market competition procedure; public participation, benefit adjustment mechanism should be eflfective operating during the planning's forming; on the planning's implementation stage, there should have the corresponding organization whose duty is management of carrying into execution, to regulate and control the course in practice, and the planning's feedback and modification must be complied with certain criterion and regulations etc.; (3) the content of tourism planning should be sustainable: to grasp the condition and characteristic of planning the area completely besides the careful preciseness resources investigation and location and market analysis, there still need to carry on a series of analysis such as the link-up analysis of different planning, environmental analysis, local analysis and programming area competitive-cooperative relationship analysis; as to the planning content, the planner should pay more attention to harmonize the tourism economy, resources utilization, environmental protection, social progress and cultural preservation, especially attach importance to tourism environmental capacity control, visitors and tourists management, environmental restoration and maintenance, tourism function area distributing and spatial layout design, community participation planning, regional economy and social leading planning and disaster& crisis prevention and cure planning, etc. (4) political system or institutions are essential: the responsibilities, rights and duties of the constituent, assignee and executants of the tourism planning contract need virtual series of political systems or institutions as guarantee force.In conclusion, the sustainable tourism planning emphasize more on the harmoniously combination of different purposes such as economic development, social harmony, cultural inheriting, ecological balance and environmental protection, etc. In the end, the paper develops the general index of evaluating a certain tourism area master plan.