| Emerging of rural-farmer-agriculture problems, unadvanced agriculture producing, slow farmer-income increasing, stagnant rural economy developing, is very disharmony contrast with the economy development in high speed in China. Meanwhile, it becomes a bottleneck of economy developing further more. Efficiency of current rural land institution that have carried out for almost 30 years is descending, and it is the primary factor to lead the rural-farmer-agriculture problems come into being, to restrict the problems resolving. So it is significant meaning to study rural land institution based on rural-farmer-agriculture problems and to explore a method to resolve it.New institutional economics take for that institution innovation is an inner variable to promote economy development. Under the guidance of new institutional economics, the thesis reviews the causes of the emerging and the character of rural-farmer-agriculture problems. The relationship between the production of agriculture, income of farmer, development of rural and the rural land property right institution are expatiated on in the paper. The thesis put forward a pattern of the Household Responsibility System under the County Collectivity proprietorship in the central eastward areas along the transitional path of the rural land property right institution from 1949 and the analyses of support and demand of institutional innovation. This article consists of 6 chapters.Chapter 1: General Introduction. In this chapter, primary cognitions and methods are reviewed from the emerging of rural-farmer-agriculture problems, and the theories evolvement of the rural land property right institution are summarized from 1949, especially from the Reform and Opening. The studies on rural land property right institution are divided into 5 periods to analyze according sums of the papers published in every period and the emphases and centers of the studies.Some concepts of Marxism and New Institutional economics are explained, which are the theory basis of this article, such as law of Transaction Costs, Property Right theory, law of Pubic Choice, etc..Chapter 2: Primary Character of Rural-farmer-agriculture Problems. Problems of Rural-farmer-agriculture that have space-time character of historical periodicity and regional diversity are generalized in the chapter. The article surveys the evolvement situations of rural-farmer-agriculture problems under various social systems based on the basic institution, land property right, in the past several thousand years. Regional diversity and existed problems of rural-farmer-agriculture development are analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis with more than 10 primary indexes concerned with it, and point out that the imbalance of productivity and rural-farmer-agriculture development needs various rural land property right institutions.An analysis framework of rural-farmer-agriculture problems are set up based on some theoretic study fruits. The paper reckons on that to resolve the problems of rural-farmer-agriculture is a giant system project, every aspect must develop in concert. To resolve the problems depends on the innovation of rural land property right institution.Chapter 3: Investigations on status quo of rural land property right institution. The concepts, such as rural land property right institution, land system, property right and ownership, collective possession right, are explained or contrasted, on the basis of which the paper bring forward the concept, right residual, with which use to analyze the problems existed during the rural land property right institution carrying out. The advantage and disadvantage of typical practice patterns are summarized during the rural land property right institution carry out at current in China.The important problems existed in the currently rural land property right institution are generalized by investigated questionnaire and statistical analysis, demonstration and study fruits, study methods of economics and statistics. The transferring will of farmer household land recedes after agriculture tax abolished, analyzed by contingency table among the families of different incoming level at before and after the agriculture tax abolished. The evolvement traits between rural land system and land policies are summarized through synthetically study, find the change process of theories and practices tally with each other.Chapter 4: The Rural Land Property Right Institution and Rural-farmer-agriculture Development. The paper has a particular unscramble about the situation and problems of agriculture producing, farmer income, rural economy development, and analyzes the causes and request for rural land property right institution.The paper points out that rural land property right institution is unbalanced by analyses of the support and demand influential factors of it on the basis of David's analytic framework. Either farmers or theorists, officials are dissatisfied with the institution, and are in the state that wants to change, but still do not change. In this case, the compulsive evolvement of government is necessary, which can make up for the lack of institutional support led by the potential profits inductivity evolvement.Chapter 5: Innovation of Rural Land Property Right Institution. According mentioned above, the paper sets up some innovation principles, and designs an ownership pattern that to unite the three-grade land owner, town, village, group, into one, the county. And then, to innovate the various use right, carry into execution step by step, different from area to area. The innovation pattern's advantages and significant, require for other correlative institutions'innovation are discussed in the chapter.Chapter 6: Conclusion and Discussion. To summarize the whole article as a conclusion, and the main achievements as well as limitation and further research are put forward. |
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