Analysis Of Operating Pattern For Universal Banking In The United States

The dispute of the integration of financial services and the separation of financial services is a long-debated topic from 1930s.Shocked by the reality of more than 5,000 banks'failures in"the Great Depression",people began to suspect the validity of bank to operating securities business, and then the separation of bank business and securities business instead of the previous one.However, with the development of financial liberalization, the integration of bank securities and insurance has become an irreversible trend. United States, the leader and founder of the bank business separation, also had to conform to this trend. Through passed"Financial Service Modernization Bill"in1999, USA returned to the Path of the integration mode.Under the developemnt of global economy,our country commercial bank will face the competition of the foreign financial magnates,which includes bank,insuranee, securities business. Therefore,Performing a mixed operation mode has become an inevitable road to China'financial sector. Looked through century history of bank in USA, we knew better about the management mode, route, advantage of all-round management mode of the American Banking. The history is positive reference function to the change of the banking of our country. We adopt " Analysis of all-round management mode of the American Banking " as the research object to enlighten deeply the reform of Chinese banking and all-round management mode of the banks in USA.This paper has utilized the basic theories ,analyzing the operating pattern for universal banking in the United States such as the risk-dispersed theory , scale economies theory, scope economies theory and the multiple-angle theory etc. On the researching the scale of operating pattern banking in the US, in the writing method, This paper adopts the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis, unified the theory and the practice, the standardize analysis and the point analysis, the history and the reality unifies etc.This paper is divided into five parts:The first part briefly introduces the relative theories, which concentrates on the issue of the efficiency of the operating pattern of universal banking. In addition, the author has carried on the analysis of the operating pattern of universal banking by using the risk-dispersed theory , which is one of this article's innovations. Furthermore, the paper also utilizes scale economies theory, scope economies theory and the multiple-angle theory to analyze and expound the efficiency field.The second part of paper outlines the operating pattern of the American Banking,including the concepts about universal operation, as well as introduces the manifestation, the operational characteristics, the organizational construction and so on. In this parts, we conclude three kinds of organizational forms of universal operation: Germany permits its banks to expand their activities within the banks, which we call"universal bank model";Great British adopts"bank-parent model",which allows its banks to operate securities and insurance activities on the condition that they need to set up separate subsidiaries to operate these activities;the banks of the United States under"holding company model"should set up a financial holding company, if they wanted to expand their businesses to securities and insurance field.The third part introduces the transformation process of the operating pattern for universal banking in the United States. This part analyzes the transformation and development history of American banking from a historical angle, and then analyses the background and reason about American banking reformsTwo ways to achieve universal operation has been introduced in the fourth part:'start ups'and'Mergers&Acquisitions'. Then the part answers the questions of strong points of universal operation based on following benefits: the improvement of ability to avoid risk, the promotement of development to bankings'comprehensition, and the magnification of capital strength have been employed.The last part mainly introduces the enlightenment to Chinese banking from universal operation mode of American banking.This part analyses inevitability of chinese banking's universal operation trend from the following reasons: the environment of international economy and finance, the development of capital market, risk control of commercial banks, and changes in the profit channel. The part also analyses three cases of the operational patterns in Chinese banksThe merits of the paper lies in:1.Drawing experience of American banks, the paper has probed into universial operation discussion.2.A detailed analysis and comparison for the various modes of integration operation3.A case analysis of realities and development of three banks in china has been made basing on china's practise.