Industrial Bias, Food Entitlemtnts And The Chinese Famine

Famine deprives the basic right - the life right - of human, which should be first guaranteed when we advocate the development of human's right and it is also an extremity of the poverty. Even today the world's economy has been developing to a high level, the famine still comes with the human being, such as Sudan, Chad which are trapped by the starvations or even famines; while European countries and America limit the grain output simultaneously, for the sake of their own interests. So, it is not right that there are not enough food needed to afford all the people of the world, which means we are now far away from the Malthus's Trap, on the contrary it's right that the distribution of grain is not equal, even if we take the example of a poor country, there is only a part of the population who lacks food, the nobles and officials never have been threatened by starvation. Therefore, the famine is a consequence of food entitlements essentially.If we consider the death toll that arise from famine, of which the famine of 1959-1961 in China is the most disastrous in the human history, which has caused nearly 30,000,000 deaths and 33,000,000 babies that did not come into the world. The Great Leap Forward made the grain output decrease sharply, only in 1959 the agriculture output dropped by 15%, but this was not sufficient to bring the great famine, which had been foreshadowed in the previous system arrangement. To reach the aim of heavy industry the country tried best to employ all resources that can be transferred. From cities to countryside, every production was all for an effective implementation of the heavy industry strategy and the state also adopted grain ration gradually to guarantee a prosperous performances of such strategy under the circumstances that was not abundant in grain yield. The order of food entitlement line was based on the essentiality to the country's industrialization, of which the citizens had the optimal food entitlement for the reason that they were closest to the industrialization. Besides this, to ensure the supply of cash crops which are the raw material of industry, the state had to guarantee these people who produced cash crops. And owning to the uniform purchase system, these people who produced cereal crop can only control the residual part.The industrial bias of food arrangement could have different effects during natural and famine periods. For natural years every group even the people that produced cereal crop can obtain enough food, though the industrial bias existed at that time such arrangement was not enough to cause starvation, so it can not make a difference to death rate. But the difference will present itself during the years with reduction of output. The citizens and the people who planted cash crop were guaranteed by the food entitlement, they weren't in hazard as they can obtain the food as much as natural years. Instead, the people who planted cereal crop had to turn in the grain as much as natural years, the residual grain was insufficient to maintain their survival. So they will be threatened by the famine, and the death rate of such group would be higher than others. As a consequence, after famine the different death rate of every group was determined by the order of priority to obtain food which was determined by the industrial bias. So in our opinion it is: industrial bias-----grain entitlement-----famine.It's a riddle for the reason that this famine draw to a close in 1962 when there was no obvious raise in grain production. So we take up the position that Darwinian Conjecture is an essential factor. As the capacity to withstand famine of elderly is worse, the proportion of elderly would fall down rapidly in the district with high death rate. Thus residual population who survived by the Darwin natural selection with stronger resistance saw through the crisis without enough food.