The Research Of Industrial Cluster Governance Based On The Organization Theory

Looking from the logical beginning of economic organization research, the special characteristic of production and transaction which based on the division of labor, the industrial cluster is one kind of hybrid organization essentially. It is the result of"internalizing of the market and extending of the enterprise", which has the special characteristic of transaction that taken place in market, but saves the transaction cost compared the pure market organization, which has the production system arrangement of enterprise, but deviates from the production form of"Fordism", implements the production form of"the Toyota Way"that emphasizes"flexible specialization". Based on this, the industrial cluster organization plays more efficiency compared to the market and the enterprise in some areas. However, this kind of characteristic of industrial cluster which makes the industrial cluster organization more efficiency also causes its risk simultaneously. Therefore, embarks from the industrial cluster's hybrid organization essence, constructs the governance mechanism in view of the industrial cluster risk is very important to display the superiority of efficiency of industrial cluster.The industrial cluster rent is created by the superiority of efficiency of the industrial cluster, anticipating to maximize and share the industrial cluster rent, drives the industrial cluster members to join the industrial cluster. But the cluster rent assigned reasonable or not immediate influence the industrial cluster's efficiency, and the gross of cluster rent. Obviously, how to assign the cluster rent is the central content of the industrial cluster governs. Based on the industrial cluster's internal structure and the external relations, this article decomposes the industrial cluster rent into the cluster surplus and the value chain surplus, the cluster surplus is the value which created by"the cluster strength"of the industrial cluster, it is the manifestation of industrial cluster's hybrid organization essence and its own efficiency, is also the foundation of industrial cluster's interior governance. The value chain surplus is the extraneous income that brings by the negotiation strength, the adaptive strength which endangered in the process that the industrial cluster as a whole organization performs in the global value chain or the market competition, is the foundation of industrial cluster exterior governance. Therefore, based on the industrial cluster rent composing, taking account of the industry cluster members'own governance and the cluster public product supplies, this article proposes a three levels governance analysis frame which takes the profession association as the core, and involves the enterprise governance, industry cluster's internal network governance and industry cluster's exterior value chain governance.Corresponds the different industrial cluster structure, the industrial cluster governance is also different. According to the degree of division of labor, cooperation and transaction competence in the industrial cluster, the industrial cluster may divides into the form of the sand beach type, the chain link type, the gear type and the module type industrial cluster. Between these four industrial cluster forms and their governance mechanisms, there is some evolution rule. And, under the background of division of labor tendency in the global value chain, the industrial cluster form and the industrial cluster governance will evolve to the module type industry cluster and the module type governance separately.The goal of industrial cluster governance is to promote the industrial cluster's competitive strength, which decomposes into"the cluster strength"and"the adaptive strength". At present, the competitive strength of our country's industrial cluster is weak, many industrial clusters faced with the risk of disintegrating. Therefore, deploying the three levels governance frame to strengthen government on our country's industry clusters has very realistic significance.