| Land resources is the most important natural resources. It is not only a means of production that any material production can irreplace, but also the necessary material conditions of human survival and development. Land use patterns will have a direct bearing on the future of human development. The special geological and geographical condition of Guizhou Province is the final decision of its land resources'types and distribution. 61.7% of the province are mountains, and 30.8 percent is hills, only 7.5 percent is plains. The proportion of the effective land area is very small, the land resources is very valuable.However, in recent years, the overuse and inefficient use of cultivated land, the worse condition of soil & water conservation, all of these made the rocky desertification of land in Guizhou become serious. Soil erosion, land degradation and large area of exposed bedrock form a similar phenomenon of desertification. The deterioration of natural ecology threat to local economic development and people's lives seriously. Thus, a land-use survey to the Karst rocky desertification region of Guizhou, which is to study the dynamic changes and the effects of land use, and to seek a suitable optimization model to the land of Karst rocky desertification region actively, is a very urgent task.Therefore this paper in view of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou, depends on the comprehensive rehabilitation program of ecological environment and selects three demonstration areas (Qingzhen,Guanling—Zhenfeng, Bijie) in Guizhou as the research objects. Firstly, we collect the basic data of land change around of three demonstration areas, using land change mathematical model to discuss and analyze land the utilization structural feature and the dynamic change. Secondly, on the contrast to the demonstration area land utilization structure, applying the analytic hierarchy process and using the qualitative and quantitative analysis, we carry on the overall appraisal to the effects of three demonstration areas'land utilization to judge the rationality of demonstration area's land utilization. Thirdly, due to all these problems above, the land resources allocation have been optimized by establishing the structure optimal model. Starting with the economy, the society and the ecological benefits of the land utilization's, we designs all kinds of limiting factors and then works out the numerical indexes for every kind of land use type aiming at the maximizing the economic benefits. and taking the landform shape as the division basis to carry on the districts.We take the established optimization plan as a standard and adopt the different land utilization pattern in view of the different demonstration areas as the implementation way, aiming at the effect of the land optimization use in the end. Finally, it carries on the comparison to the goal construction and development direction with the demonstration areas'land utilization. Through Studying, this article mainly draws the following conclusions: (1)Agricultural land is the mainly type of land utilization in the demonstration area. During the ten years. The structure of land use changed a lot, it is representing that the construction land and woodland is increasing greatly and the cultivated land is declining quickly. The change of the demonstration areas'land use structure is provided with obvious behavior of policy. That is because our country carried out the Western Development, and enlarged to the investment in western area, implemented the leading of the ecological construction, practiced the policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland, adjusted and optimized the cultivated land structure. The developing and using extent of the demonstration areas'land picks up and the ecological protection strength reinforces. It is the response of two facts, one is the construction land and garden plot increasing; the other is planting trees and returning grain plots to forestry area more and more increasing. At last the forestry land is increasing and the cultivated land is inducing. The driven factor of the land use in demonstration area is almost equality on the macroscopical factor. The result is caused by these factors such as economic development,structure adjustment of agricultural industry,the growth of population,policy driving,science and technology driving and so on.(2)Returning farmland to forest and grassland,soil and water conservation,water conservancy facilities,traffic,the farmers'production skills training and the land use adjustment practiced step and step during the recent years, it promoted the development of the demonstration areas'ecological reconstruction and society-economy. The ecological environment and the society-economy condition have been changed a lot and the land use comes into the period of speediness and stability. There are some questions and disadvantages on the demonstration areas while the land utility efficiency improves. The restrictive factors land use contain:①land large specific gravity gap of the cultivated land , small specific gravity gap of forestry land and grass land, the low covering rate of forest;②the lack of the cultivated land, the ineffective of the suitability, the low of the quality, and most of the land is the dry land. so it is apparently restricted by the water source;③the lower of the land use rate, the unsuitable of the use structure, the low-rise degree of intension;④the market guidance of the land use is not strong, so it cannot sufficiently exert the superior industries;⑤there is not a clear scientific programming on the land use. The arbitrary of the using land is very large.(3) The optimization models'construction of land use departs from the land use's economy,society,the ecological benefits. Compared with the actual structure, the optimizing project is reasonable and feasible and it can meet the requirement of carrying capacity and take full advantage of the natural resources and social resources in demonstration areas and achieve a unification of economical, social and ecological benefits. During the process of the construction on optimization model of the land use in the demonstration area, we must study the area difference of the natural geography factors on the demonstration and the vertical variation. On the basis of the effect evaluation of the land use, we can design the optimization model which is scientific, operative and suitable to the local land use condition. The market has an important guidance to the construction of the land use model on the demonstration. The ecological protection and the land policy are the important qualifications to the optimization model. |
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