Decision Structures And Network Design Of Reverse Logistics

In the last few periods of the 20^th century,with the enhancement of the sense of environmental protection and the putting forward of sustainabled envelopment consciousness,each country begins to pay attention to the reverse logistics. Compared with foreign research results, our researches are at the threshold of the field, and there are few articles about the reverse logistics, besides, almost no enterprise has found the reverse logistics network.Under those backgrounds, based on the present research, this article has introduced and analyzed the related conceptions of reverse logistics. Besides, the article emphasizes on the decision structures and network design of reverse logistics.channel choice of reverse supply chain and coordinative strategy for closed-loop supply chain have been studied in the field of decision structures.Aiming at channel choice, based on decentralized decision theory---the Stackelberg equilibrium game, two models about manufacturer collecting mode and retailers collecting mode are builded respectively,the results indicate that the manufacturer should choose to collect used products by himself. Aiming at coordinative strategy,under the condition of retailers' competition, two recycling channels covering both manufactures and sellers is studied. a Stackelberg game model for closed-loop supply chain where the manufacturer and sellers play the roles of leader and follower respectively is builded. The Stackelberg equilibrium game is proposed on a basis of decentralized decision which is discussed in relation to centralized decision.a coordinative strategy is obtained for closed-loop supply chain and a simulation was carried out.This research showed that a two-part tariff contract for every retailer signed by both parties can simply make the closed-loop supply chain coordinative so as to ensure that both manufacturers and sellers in the supply chain gain their own rational profits.In the field of network design,to design an appropriate closed-loop supply network structure for remanufacturing system, a robust optimization model was established by considering the integration of the transportation of forward and reverse logistics in the network as well as the uncertainty of the demand for new and remanufactured products, the returnable quantities and the remanufacturable fraction of used products. As a result, the number of various facilities, their locations and the reasonable allocation of the corresponding goods flows within the network can be determined so as to minimize the total cost over the operational period.The effectiveness of the model is evaluated by a computational example,the result shows that this model is effective.