Reform Of Our National Pension Insurance System: Experience And Reference

Because the social insurance system, which was established during the 1950s, of China was an imitation of Soviet Union, our endowment insurance system isn't compatible with our social environment, and always in a passive status during reform practice. Therefore, to make a deep research into the present situation of our country, to find out the problems and solutions, and to raise a social security system compatible with our national condition is a must.ⅠSignificance of the ResearchThis piece of research has some reality vale in supplying guidance to the establishment of our national social security system and reform practice.First, this article makes effort to give a clear definition of boundary between government, enterprise and individual's right and responsibility and to reconstruct the relationship between the three, which has significant inspiration to the solution of the problem.Second, this article absorbs the research thoughts of various schools and makes a deep research and discussion, which is of guidance significance in helping our country's government to play a leading role and preventing our government to intervene in excess in the mean time.Finally, this piece of research also takes note to the analysis of our nation's real situation. It discusses to construct a social security system compatible with our nation's situation, so as to promote the development of our country's economy and to realize the enduring stability and security of our country.ⅡMain ContentThis article mainly proves the reference and innovation of developing our country's social endowment insurance system in five parts.The first part mainly articulates the great significance of the research, summarizes the theoretical support, and distinguishes several different research methods and earnestly points out the innovation and inadequacy of this essay. The second. part mainly discusses two different periods that our social insurance system experiences: the first one is the traditional endowment insurance system under the planned economical system, the second is the period of the social insurance system of combined type of unified account which gradually developed after the opening reform.The third. part systematically analyzes the main problems of our endowment insurance system, takes analysis into the over high payment substitution rate, and proposes new ideas in the management of surplus capital, and points out that our government will eventually set up a sound social insurance system.The fourth. part takes concrete research into the endowment insurance systems of developed countries by analyzing the development trail of endowment insurance system in developed countries, and discusses the exploring roads of those developed countries in seeking ideal systems.ⅢSolutionCombining the development process abroad of foreign endowment insurance system and learning from the existing system of developed countries, the author gives 8 countermeasures to solve.1 . To unify the society's Endowment Insurance management and then to establish four systems—the administration system, the undertaking-transacted system, the fund management system and social supervision system, in order to separate the duty and let the responsibilities clearly.2. To solve the nick of endowment insurance fund, the first step is to make a good fiscal budget in each department to adjust the structure of public expenditure increasing the ratio of social security expenditure to public expenditure. The second begin to levy several special items of taxation to enlarge the source of social endowment insurance fund. The third, to raise funds in various ways as developing financial credit and float social security long-term bond.3. To preserve and increase in the value of Endowment Insurance Fund, it should gradually allow letting some endowment insurance fund to form the diversification of combinatorial investment, and the establishment of a number of endowment insurance fund management companies, allowing bonds and other investments at the same time.4. Begin to levy the social security tax in time not only can ensure the reliability of social insurance proceeds, but also favored the tax equity and the movement of labor force in different regions and industries.5. To solve the problem about endowment insurance which was left over by history well, for the aged, it obliged to arrange them in cash basis. For the new members, the new institution enterprise fund system can perfectly apply to them. And for the remains, it has no other choice but transitivity steps.6. To complete the endowment insurance payment system, strengthen endowment insurance fund's expense control, reduce pension substitution rate and the pressure of endowment insurance expense, our nation has to rise the age of retirement gradually. At the same time, the policy must against the action of early retirement to fight the employment contradiction and prevent unemployment pressure transfer to endowment insurance.7. To strengthen the society's power of plan in entirety, the point is to have unities institution, standard and management. Social insurance organization respond for the management of endowment insurance fund, endowment insurance fund management corporation in charge of investing and operating personal account fund and in charge of the idle fund, strictly define the investment range of endowment insurance, establish and optimize the endowment insurance control system actively.8. Add endowment insurance fund into national budget, work out social security budget and adjust the structure of public expenditure to raise the ratio of security expenditure to public expenditure.ⅣConclusionTo sum up, facing to solve the problem of endowment institution sways, a service-type of government is fundamentally required to improve and optimize the reform in endowment institution. Meanwhile, the government organization should increase of administration efficiency, because reduce operation costs can also optimize the government function. The government play a vital role whatever in the institution optimizing, or the law healthiness and the administration efficiency improvement . The government should optimize its leading role in the reformation of endowment insurance institution in our hometown to guarantee laboring people's vital interests while facing various difficulties in institution reforming.