Research On The Development Of Marine Fishery In Jiangsu Province During The Republic Of China Era

Jiangsu province is famous for its abundant agricultural resources of fishery and plantation in history, especially for the rich marine fishing resource in the coastland. It witnesses the great changes of Chinese marine fishing industry during the Republic of China era, which mirrors the characters of Chinese marine fishing development in the transition stage from old fishing model to modern fishing model. The main traditional family fishing activities was developed into the associated fishing with the individual fishing organization gradually replaced by collective fishing organization as enterprise; the fishing tools with sailboat and standing net was replaced with motorized fishing ship; in the meanwhile, the traditional fishing policy began to absorb the advanced fishing experience of foreign countries. All kinds of laws and rules concerning to fishery began to be made and the reification of different fishery contents were also issued. The professional management and supervision agencies were established; the education and experiment for marine products began to be much accounted of and become one practical way for training professional fishery person; the main processing mode of fishing products salted with fishery salt were gradually taken placed by refrigerate storage for fresh keeping.During the period of the Republic of China era, the developing transfer of marine fishery in Jiangsu province witnesses the process from prosperity to decline. The reason resulting in these great changes are stated as below. Firstly, as for the fishery policy, the income and profit from marine fishery are regarded as legal method stipulated in laws and rules. Most details written in these laws and rules are amended in many times according to the practical situation and begin to play a roll with the function of planning and direction. However, many good fishery policies can not be executed because of the war, banditry and the corruption and impotence of government. At last, the fishers lost their trust and hope for these fishery policies. Secondly, the scale of fishery production organization is enlarged. The establishment of fishery companies obviously reinforces the strength of fishery production and makes it possible to purchase advanced and large fishing equipments with much money. The family-mode or association-mode fishing activities are gradually replaced by collective-mode fishing actions. In the meanwhile, some of the collective revenue are used for reinvestment to renew or maintain the fishing equipments and employ the foreign fishing professional staff to continuously enhance the development of fishing companies. However, the investments on motorized fishing ships are mainly conducted by some national capitalists without the strong financial support of government. So the damaged motorized fishing ships in the war against Japanese invader can not recovered under the great pressure of heavy tax and rude economical prey by the government of Kuomintang, which resulted in the succeeding decline of marine fishery industry in Jiangsu province. Thirdly, the level of fishing knowledge and capacity of fishers is improved. The foreign advanced fishing education and experiment yard system are inducted into Jiangsu fishery education system. The local fishing agencies begin to be convinced that the fishing experts and talents are the source of developing fishery and the efficient way to disburden of employing foreign professional staff. The fishing education and training are accepted into the poor fisher families. However, most of the students receiving the high-level training concerning fishing science and technology are mainly those who live in cities with good living conditions, so most of them are not engaged in fishery industry at last. Jiangsu marine fishery is confronted the difficulty arising from the lack of enough fishing experts and talents which greatly slow down its long-term development. Last but not least, the technical performance of fishing equipments is upgraded. The improvement of fishing technology numerously increase the fish yield. However, the aggression and of foreign fishing ships plundering our fishing resource gradually make Chinese fishers lose their right of catching fish in Chinese marine fishing area, and damage the marine lives environment and resources, even the marine fishing markets are also controlled by foreign fishing businessmen. The above mentioned factors essentially affect the development of marine fishery in Jiangsu province during the period of the Republic of China era.Survey on the rise and decline in the history of Jiangsu marine fishing development during the period of the Republic of China era, it is easy to find out that the sound exploitation on marine fishery shall be the important opportunity to extend the space of economic development, relief the pressure from limit environmental resource and realize the regional sustainable development as well as the need to balance the economic development difference between the north and south parts in Jiangsu province. Foreseeing the future by reviewing the past, we can draw a conclusion that understanding the key factors affecting the development of Jiangsu marine fishery shall be great beneficial to making the reasonable police and guideline concerning to the marine fishery in Jiangsu province.