Risk Analysis And Countermeasure Research On Marine Transporting Bulk Coal Cargos

Coal has the very properties which contribute to the dangers when it is transported by sea as bulk cargo.Both International Maritime Organization(IMO) and every producing and exporting coal countries have instituted relational regulars in order to avoid accidents during a voyage.However,in practice,operators regard to coal transported by sea ignore the dangers often,and don't comply with the relational rules, this lead to accidents of ship and cargo damage which should have been avoid.Investigation has shown that the causes of aforesaid damages are as follow:●The insufficient understanding for classifies of coal lead to the fact that seafarers and stevedores cannot load different types coal separately,and cross-contamination of coal;●That the lack of knowledge for the transporting characteristics of coal lead the fact that seafarers cannot carry out proper precautions to avoid accidents;●The inaccurated gas monitoring equipments providing for the ship cannot meet the requirement,or the seafarers cannot have the right operational method of this equipments,or even cannot use them;●There is no a systemic management regular instituted according to the coal cargo on board in the voyage to transport coal properly.With a view to further enhance the safety of marine operation of coal,researches have been made in this thesis with following achievements:●Types of coal carded on board have,bases on the details of carriage instruction,been distinctly specified.Meanwhile,the transportation properties have been defined according to a great storage and transit requirement;●The technique index and the necessary equipments of the coal carrier,the events of preparing the hold and the methods of cleaning the hold,attentions during loading coal and Procedures for gas monitoring of coal cargoes are been provided in this thesis.●Based on researching the theory of natural ventilation,the minimum time of ventilation have been performed by mathematical calculations for dispelling methane produced by coal cargos in the hold,and providing the theory of preventing coal to self-heating and spontaneous combustion with controlling the temperature of the coal cargos that belong to both being liable to emit methane and spontaneous combusting;●The causes of claims during delivering cargos and the relational precautions have been listed in order to avoid damage and weight shortage of cargo.