"Nao Cao" And Local Society Order In Qing Dynasty

As an exemplification of the crisis in water carrier collection,"Nao cao"(闹漕) not only reveals the running situation of water carrier collection,but also reflects the problems of local society such as politics,economy and society.As a collective action, "Nao cao" reflects the problems of local society,and influences the local society order in the Qing Dynasty directly.The body of this article takes "Nao cao" as a central perspective,through the classification of the groups,motivations and methods of the cases,aimed at reflecting the underlying social problems.Besides that,we would like to explore the profit dissention between the government,the gentles and the populaces through the analysis of responses by the state and society.On the basis of these analyses, we would like to come to the conclusion that "Nao cao" influences the local society order in the Qing Dynasty greatly.The denotation of this thesis is to reveal the relationship between the national affair and the local society order through the analysis of water carrier collection in the Qing Dynasty.The "Nao cao" cases in the Qing dynasty have typical stage characteristics and different from area to area.The system defect of water transport and kinds of private interest pursuits influence the motivations of the government,the gentles and the populaces to take part in the cases.Among these factors,the difference performances of the government in the cases due to their different attitudes towards water carrier collection.The reasons why "local forces" take part in "Nao cao" can be divided into two aspects,the one is to safeguard the legitimate interests of the groups,and the other is to erosion the profits of the grain tribute system.Besides that,the populaces take part in the cases because of their hardly living condition.Under different motivations,the government,the gentles and the populaces express their sentiments in different ways.Nor matter grain tax lawsuit,"day-to-day resistance"(个人日常反抗),or collective resistance,the profit dissention and interactive between the government,the gentles and the populaces are obviously.Take the grain tax lawsuit as an example,the government,the gentles and the populaces express their different understandings about the law and the society,and interactive with each other obviously.In the "day-to-day resistances" and collective resistances,the gentles and the populaces not only cooperate with each other,but also strive against each other. As to the finial results,although these different resistances bring different effects to the society,they have the same impacts on the local society order."Nao cao" not only influences the results of water carrier collection,but also alter the members of the local authority.These changes influence the political order of local society,and make the living situation of the society in disorder:With the purpose of reducing "Nao cao",the government tries to adjust the system of local administration all the time.But the effects of these adjustments are limited."Nao cao" not only influences the local society order,but also reflects the administration problems.Such as folk beliefs,it not only makes the gentles and populaces erode the profits of the grain tribute system more convenience,but also restricts their offenses.And the concepts of private profits make the cooperation between different local governments more hardly,so "Nao cao" exist in the society all the time. Besides that,the autonomy of the government in the public area is limited;they cannot deal with the emergencies properly,so it causes lots of "Nao cao" in the end.Of course,what "Nao cao" brings to the society,is not only destroying the local society order in the Qing Dynasty,but also provides an opportunity for the local society to adjust new situation.