Research On The Institution Changes Of Grain Pricing Mechanism In China

Food is the first need of people. Food, as the basic survival of people, is not only the precious resource people depending on, but also the important strategic materials. It affects people's living standards, the stability and security of our society. Thus it is the economic and social problem to deepen the reform of the grain circulation system and pricing mechanism. China is the developing country, having a big population and little land, the condition of our grain supply and demand will be tight in the long term. Therefore resolving the grain problem is related to the stability of our country.In recent years, food prices rise in whole world, happening series of events successively, for example: India resident rushed to purchase rice at low price, Thailand, as the world's largest rice-exporting country, is worrying about rice, Haiti sparked riots because of grain price. Grain problem becomes the international focus. Needless to say, food is related to not only a country's stability, but also world peace and stability. The wheat price rose 181% in international market over the past three years, by the end of February, 2008. The world food reserve has dropped to 30-year low, only enough to maintain the required 53 days, the new food crisis is taking shape. Grain price is the core of the economy, it impacted on the vital interests of economic entities, related the volatility of the national economy. Since China's reform and opening, grain price is changing more and more frequent, with the advance of the grain market. Grain price alteration has changed the distribution of benefits among producers, consumers and the governments, and the unbalance of distribution usually becomes the cause of reform. Grain pricing mechanism not only determines the characteristics of price movements, but also impacts on farmers'producing behavior. Therefore this article intends to do exploratory research on grain pricing mechanism. The current academic experts do more research on food prices, but few from the view of china's grain pricing formation mechanism. In view of this, this article based on domestic market, from the perspective of institutional changes, analysis a variety of food policy that the grain market experienced over the past few decades by our country, and deeply describes China's grain prices internal mechanism and existing problems, then put forwards specific measures and recommendations, aiming at providing ideas to government to respond to global grain price, which undoubtedly has a very important theoretical and practical significance.The thesis is mainly composed of six parts:The first part is the preface. This part states the purpose of this article topic, theoretical and practical significance, the relating theoretical synthesis of thesis home and abroad, and the main content and structure of this thesis, research methods, innovation and inadequacy.The second part is fundamental theory of institutional changes. This section explains the definition and type of the institution, the definition and model of institutional changes and pricing mechanism and so on.The third part states the evolution process of our country grain pricing mechanism more than half a century. And to some extent, analyzing the reasons why the grain pricing mechanism at various stages changes.The fourth part analyzes the equilibrium of our country's grain pricing mechanism in terms of institution changes supply and demand. This section analyzes the impacting factor of institution changes supply and demand by selecting information. Finally, definite the direction of grain pricing mechanism, namely market-oriented.The fifth part is efficiency analysis of the grain pricing mechanism. This part selected the most representative three periods to analyze: controlled procurement and distribution price, double-track pricing system, grain protective price. Although they played a positive at a certain period, grain pricing mechanism push to change because of the drawbacks of operating mechanism.The sixth part is the consideration to our country's grain pricing mechanism. In the view of all above, the thesis exposes the problem of grain pricing mechanism, and proposes solutions for specific measures and suggestions.