| Based on the project of returning farmland to forest in Yu-Li County, taking the ecology theory, the principles of sustainable development and statistics as the theoretical basis, aiming at the construction of the project of county-scale returning farmland to forest in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River County, referring to the relevant effectiveness evaluation index system and eco-forestry project comprehensive effectiveness evaluation theory, technology and methods in the world, The research studies the county-scale returning farmland to forest comprehensive benefits evaluation theory and research methods from the view of ecology. The study also selects indicators combining with the actual situation of returning farmland to forest project in Yu-Li County, establishes the corresponding evaluation index system, and evaluates the actual effectiveness of the project of returning farmland to forest in Yu-Li County. The following results were achieved:(1) probing into the effectiveness evaluation method of county-scale returning farmland to forest projectThrough consulting relevant literature and combining with the basic national policy of returning farmland to forests and the theoretical basis for project effectiveness assessment, the study probes into the method to build effectiveness assessment index system and the calculation method of the weight of index, index quantifying and comprehensive evaluation of returning farmland, establishes the comprehensive effectiveness evaluation index system of county-scale returning farmland to forest project, and provide the reference method for comprehensive effectiveness evaluation of county-scale returning farmland to forest project in the desert inland river basins.(2) Evaluating the overall efficiency of the project of returning farmland to forest in Yu-Li County.The study evaluates the comprehensive effectiveness of the returning farmland to forest project in Yu-Li County by the built comprehensive effectiveness evaluation index system. The results are showed as following:First of all, the eco-efficiency is significant, and its index is 0.739. By the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest, the ecological environment in Yu-Li County has been improved, the land salinization and desertification spreads have been controlled, the soil physical and chemical properties have been improved, at the same time, water-saving efficiency has been brought into play.Secondly, the cost-effectiveness index is 0.543, some certain degree economic efficiency has been produced although not so significant. By returning farmland to forests project, the agriculture structure of Yu-Li County is optimized and the forest products harvest is increased. When the local ecological environment is improved, a good market potential of fruit resources is formed, consequently, more foreign investment is attracted into Yu-Li County because the investment environment is improved, the economic elements diversification degree and the quality of people's lives are improved, the industrial and tertiary industries are also improved, and the condition to develop pollution-free green organic food is created. But the economic benefits can be fully manifested upon a long-term. So in short time the economic benefits of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forests project is not very significant.Furthermore, the corresponding social benefits are brought into play, the index is 0.65, and the effectiveness is significant. By the implementation of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forest project, the utilization of land and people occupation of forest are improved, the industrial structure is further adjusted, the allocation of resources is rationalized . Through the implementation of the returning farmland to forest to project, the big western region development is understood more well by the farmers and herdsmen, the public's awareness of environmental protection and production technology level are improved, the construction of ecological agriculture is further promoted. At the same time, Yu-Li County is known more widely and the conditions for the Yu-Li County returning farmland to forests project continual implement are created.Finally, the overall efficiency index of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forests is 0.699. This means the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest in Yu-Li County has produced a relatively significant ecological benefits, promoted the Yu-Li County social, economic sustainable development. It matches the actual situation of Yu-Li County and the national policy the fundamental purpose of returning farmland to forest. There is still a gap to the objective expected. The main reasons are as following: Most farmland of Yu-Li County is still in its young stage; the forest and its structure are imperfections; and returning farmland to forest project itself has the "after-effect". So all functions and effectiveness have not brought into play, another reason is the limit of Yu-Li County own natural climatic conditions and economic conditions.But as a whole, the implementation of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forests project is successful. Each effectiveness has big potential and a certain degree of sustainability. Therefore, from a development perspective, with social progress and scientific and technological development, each effectiveness of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forest project will further improve, and ultimately achieve the desired objectives.(3) According to the evaluation results, the management measures for Yu-Li County returning farmland to forest project are advanced as following:In order to better improve the ecological, economic, social, comprehensive effectiveness and the sustainable management of the returning farmland to forest project, according to the comprehensive effectiveness evaluation results of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forest project, combining with the actual situation of Yu-Li County returning farmland to forests project, it is recommended to reasonably adjust the forest structure and forest types configuration, and actively create a water-saving eco-forest, further increase investment in science and technology, standardizing manage and strengthen infrastructure construction, and improve the comprehensive supporting services. |
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