An International Comparison And Enlightenment Research Of Rural Microcredit

Poverty is an international problem. China, as a developing country also cannot avoid this problem. Microcredit is the most effective anti-poverty tool all over the world. Organizationally speaking, microcredit is the activity that links the crediting of organizational and financial creativity and the anti-poverty to family together, and is also the combination of the function of both economic and social development.During these ten years, more and more practical microcredits are coming out in the world. The United Nations has located the year 2005 as the year of microcredit. The Bangladesh countryside bank creator winning Nobel Prize brings us "Yunus wave". Our government is also paying more and more attention to anti-poverty with microcredit, by referred the usage of microcredit many times in and some other important issues. Now, not only researchers but also government are expecting the contribution of microcredit which has the meaning "small credit, big strategy", on science development which based on human, on the establishment of a peace community, and on the forming of socialist new countryside.This paper firstly starts from the reality of our country, analyzed the necessity and urgency of developing microcredit. Developing microcredit can increase the average income of the poor, advantage in anti-poverty, and supports the establishment of a new socialist countryside, thus better solving the largest three problems of farmers. Then it analyzed the meaning of research and introduced the main logic and method. Chapter two introduced the outline of microcredit theory research both in china and outside to world by pointing out the meaning of microcredit, durable development, and the operation of commercialization. Chapter three introduced some successful patterns of microcredit, including the Grameen Bank, Village Banking, BRI and BancoSol. The fourth chapter on the base of the third chapter, to analyze and conclude the way they succeed, hoped it will do some help in our operation in using microcredit. And we get the successful experience from the following aspects: The development of microcredit must comply with the local conditions; The understanding and support of the government is very important guarantee to the development of microcredit; Interest rate marketization is sustainable development of the microcredit institutions; The loan management strategy is appropriate for the healthy development of microfinance organization guarantee and the effective management of the method.. Chapter five introduced the history of our microcredit,and then listed the four main patterns of microcredit in China: government financial institutions, the model pro bono microcredit mode, the third is microcredit which only credit but loans not mode. Basing on the research of our circumstance and the comparison of foreign successful microcredit, chapter five pointed out the problem of our development in outside environment and inside construction. Mainly have: the current financial policy against the sustainable development of microcredit institutions; Non-governmental microcredit institutions legal status, do not have a general financial institutions; The activity of Microcredit institutions put too much time on poverty alleviation social benefits, ignore financial sustainability; Organizational structure attached to the government too much, the function have no independence; Target customers is single, cannot achieve diversified development goals. Chapter six gave some suggestion about completing related legislation, releasing the policy, way of supporting the government shifting, commercializing interest rate, enhancing management, and some solving methods. Including: establish legal system of microcredit; The government should change the support way of microcredit; Establish microcreit risk compensation and risk mechanism; The healthy development of microcredit must marketizate the interest rate; Optimize the financing environment of the microcredit institutions; Guide microcredit institutions diversified development. And establishing incentive mechanism; Improve the innovative ability; Strengthen the supervision to ensure the safety and efficiency of microcredit; Microcredit institutions should adopt flexible operation management; Establishing the microfinance institutions training system.The sixth chapter analysis the foreign successful experience, and give some suggestion from three aspects, includes: To encourage the development of ngos microfinance mode; Encourage regular financial institutions to operate microfinance services; Supports alternate financial institutions; Two-way training system; Deposit guarantee system; Laws and supervision system for risk safeguard system; Farmer credit evaluation mechanism; Microcredit development must establish faith that farmer is the most important; Development funds; Broaden the funding ways of microcredit; Establish management information system; Control the microcredit risk; To improve rural credit environment.