Institute Of Mechanics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, The Establishment And Early Work (1956-1966)

On the basis of the original archives, memoirs, oral record and related documents, this paper systematically discusses the establishment of Institution of Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Science, and the characteristics of its research in the early seedtime, which is from 1956 to 1966, reflects objectively its contribution to the construction of our country in this period. The main points are as following:1,Discusses the background and the guidance of the thinking of technical science to the establishment of the founding of Institution of Mechanics. Analyses its subject setting, main research fruits, the construction of laboratories, and its contributions to the development of mechanics of China, such as cultivating the ability of research and teaching in a person, organizing the first academic forum of mechanics of China, and founding The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics during the period of 1956-1957.2,Analyses its transformation of research direction and tasks during the period of 1958-1960, and the research of the engineering institution, the preparing construction of the base of experimentation in Huai Rou, both of which were founded for the manufacture of sputnik. Discusses the research and fruit of each laboratory, and the issue existed in this period.3,Discusses its transformation of research direction and tasks during the period of 1961-1963, when economic depression happened in China. Analyses the research and fruit in the five tasks that were cooperated with the Department of Defense, and its research fruit in the construction of the economy of China, such as the explosion mechanics applied in the research.4,Discusses its research during the period of 1961-1963, when economic recovery maintained, it mainly undertook such scientific research of national defense as the manufacture of the rocket engine using the liquid state of hydrogen and oxygen, the applied research of missile technics, the manufacture of sputnik, and the explosion of nucleus. Discusses the applying of explosion mechanics, soil mechanics, and solid mechanics in the construction of economy.5,Discusses the experience and revelation reflected by the research work of the Institution of Mechanics in the period of 1956-1966 from the viewpoint of the impact of the political movement and the mechanism of science to the research, the research method, and the spirit of the scientists.