Research On Heavy Metal Pollution In The Water And Soil And Related Health Issues Within The Upper Reaches Of Lancang River Basin

[Objective]To study water,soil and human hair in the upper reaches of lancang River Basin,use of surveys and experimental method, Select three kinds of heavy metal pollutants(Pb, Cd, Mn)to understand heavy metal pollution of water and soil within the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin, and through exposed population(residents, miners)made a kind of test, understanding of heavy metals on human health effects through the food chain, providing a theoretical basis for mining area around the basin of water, soil environmental quality assessment and environmental and human heavy metal pollution.[Methods]Through the pre-survey, familiar in natural geographical profile within the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin, to select five areas(Jinding Town Mine Area,Yingpan Town Mine Area,ShiTeng town Mine Area,Zhongpai town Mine Area,Tongdian town Mine Area), understanding the environmental and the healthy status of residents and collecting water, soil, hair samples. The results estimated by pre-survey sampling points and identify the major heavy metal pollution in order to determine the sample size and the major heavy metal pollution for research. collecting water, soil, hair samples used distribution points within the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin.Pull no mineral resources of the Lajing as a control, Wet digestion method for water, soil, hair processing, atomic absorption spectrometry determination of heavy metals in the samples, set up by Excel and database entry, using SPSS13.0 for basic statistical analysis and the use of double-column chart, quality control graph, line graph statistic description, by ttest, rank sum test, variance analysis and other methods for statistical inference, and by the single factor index method, synthetic pollution index method for estimate.[Results] (1) there is very serious exceeded cadmium in the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin environment and human hair samples, cadmium in water is 0.23mg/L, exceeding 100%, in soil is 21.89mg/kg, exceeded 100%, hair-like cadmium averaged0.73μg/g, exceeding 88%. Tongdian electrolytic zinc area is worst heavy metal pollution in five sampling mining town. (2)Heavy metal content in water is Cd>Pb>Mn;in which Pb and Cd(r=0.528,p<0.05), Cd and Mn (r=0.479,p<0.01), Pb and Mn(r=0.343, p<0.05) have a significant positive correlation. Heavy metals in soil is Cd>Mn>Pb, which was no significant correlation(p>0.05). Heavy metals in water and soil correlation between Pb(r=0.458, p<0.05). (3)hair-like heavy metals is Cd>Pb>Mn, Pb and Mn have a significant positive correlation(r=0.453, p<0.01), Miners and residents of hair samples of three heavy metals concentrations were significantly(p<0.05), miners hair samples of three heavy metals were significantly higher than residents, with the length of service increase, lead,manganese content was increased, Pb content of hair samples and length of service was positively correlated(r=0.747, p<0.05). (4) by t test and rank sum test, in the upper reaches of the Lancang River and control area of Lajing, water, soil, hair samples'difference of lead, cadmium, manganese was statistically significant (p<0.05). The basin of water, soil, hair-like three heavy metals was significantly higher than the control area of lajing. (5)The area of water has been heavily polluted by heavy metals, which is not suitable for agricultural irrigation, the single pollution index of Pb(36.7)>Cd(23)>Mn(0.52). Heavy metals in the soil vulnerable to severe pollution, inappropriate agricultural activities, the single pollution index of Cd (21)>Pb (0.87)>Mn (0.81). Local miners and residents of hair samples Pb, Cd, Mn contents are beyond the scope of our proposed reference values.[Conclusions](1)water, soil, hair-like lead, cadmium, manganese content have exceeded in different levels within the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin, in which lead, cadmium pollution was severer than manganese. (2) the most severest heavy metal pollution is the town of Tongdian within the upper reaches of lancang River Basin. (3)In the upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin water, soil, hair samples of heavy metals were significantly higher than Lajing.(4)Hair samples of miners were significantly higher than residents of three heavy metals, heavy metals miners have worked with a dose-effect relationship, with the length of service increase, lead,manganese content was increased. (5) Upper reaches of the Lancang River Basin mines in the body of heavy metals pollution of the environment is out of control, control measures should be taken.