Preparation, Functionalization And Applications Of N Doped Micro/nano Polymer And Carbon Materials

Phenolic resin refer to the product obtained by condensation reaction between phenolic compounds and aldehyde compounds. Phenolic resin is the first industrialization synthetic resin in the world, which has a history of about a century. In the decades, there are more and more researchers dedicated to the preparation of phenolic resin nanometer structure. Polymer nano materials means the materials whose at least one dimensional is nanoscale size or composed of nanoscale size materials. Due to the fact that the scale of the nanometer materials is between the atom clusters and macro transition area of the object, it has the surface effect, small size effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. Therefore, the polymer nanomaterials has the great application prospect.Nanostructured phenolic resins exhibit biocompatibility for biomedical applications, such as cellular delivery vehicles, cell targeting, and imaging. In addition to this, it can also be widely used for preparing a variety of nanostructured carbons because it gives high production yield due to its ability to polymerize and form complex carbon molecules, which have attracted interest for potential applications as adsorbents, supercapacitors as well as supports for catalysts. This paper study the preparation and functionalization of nanostructured phenolic resin. The main research work of this paper is as follows:(1) In this paper, we demonstrated a convenient and cost effective synthetic route for the preparation of Au NPs on N-containing polymer(RMF NSs) through in situ reductive growth process without any additive modification. Significantly, Au@RMF NSs hybrid nanostructure exhibited an excellent catalytic activity with kapp of 33×10-3 s-1 toward reduction of 4-NP reaction and good cycling life, which was remarkably better than that of the traditional Au-based catalysis, such as Au@Si O2 NSs and Au@active carbon hybrid catalyst. More importantly, an optimized adsorption model was proposed by theoretical calculations using density functional theory(DFT), demonstrating that the N-containing functional groups existing in RMF NSs had significant role on the enhancement of reduction of 4-NP catalytic performance. Our work provides a new concept for enhancing the stability and activity by optimizing the structure of the catalyst(2) Herein, we describe a facile carbonization and activation process to prepare N-doped carbon spheres with hierarchical micropore-nanosheet networks(HPSCSs), indicating the coexistence of multiple porous and nanosheet structures in HPSCSs. The synergistic effect of the multiple structures in HPSCSs is highly important for enhancing the electrochemical performance. As a result, the HPSCSs demonstrate an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 407.9 F g-1 at 1 m V s-1, which is about 1.2 and 4.0 times higher than that of porous carbon spheres(PCSs) and nonactivated carbon spheres(CSs). Also, they exhibit a high rate capability(71.1% capacitance retention at 100 m V s-1) and an extremely excellent cycling performance(99.0% capacitance retention even after 6000 cycles at 10 A g-1). This work provides a new road for the development of new electrode materials.(3) Through combining hierarchical porosity, partially graphitic nanosheet, and N heteratomic functionalities, the as-obtained HPSCSs manifest a significant capture of CO2 with a capacity of 5.8 mmol g-1. Also, the HPSCSs/GCE electrode showed better electrochemical performance for the oxidation of AA, DA and UA compared to the bare GCE electrodes. The simultaneous determination of AA, DA and UA at the HPSCSs/GCE electrode was achieved with a much larger oxidation peak separation and higher peak currents. The corresponding peak separations were 297 m V(AA to DA), 147 m V(DA to UA), and 444 m V(AA to UA), and the detection limits were 7.1475 μM, 0.166535 μM, and 0.031729 μM at S/N = 3 for AA, DA and UA, respectively. This excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique electronic structure of the 3D HPSCSs architecture. This work provides a direction for the development of new biological sensor material.