| Today’s global economy is highly dependent on fossil fuels with oil being the most important feedstock. Due to the depleting oil reserves and the declining crude oil quality, it is highly desired to develop greener catalytic processes for oil utilization (FCC) and find sustainable carbon resources (such as biomass). The key point lies in the understanding of multifunctional materials with novel catalytic properties. For instance, hierarchical porous materials are recognized as promising materials to take place the state-of-art catalysts in current petroleum chemistry. In this thesis, we prepared a series of catalysts based on functionalized SBA-15 targeting at introducing mesopore into the catalysts and improve the transportation of bulky molecules therein.In the first part, we prepared a FCC catalyst by introducing mesoporous material SBA-15 and alkaline earth metal oxide MgO to improve the pore size distribution and decrease the acid strength of the catalyst. The cracking properties of the prepared catalysts indicated that the catalysts remarkably improved the cracking of heavy oil and led to increased yield of light oil (gasoline and diesel oil)In the second part, we prepared a series of NiO/zeolite composites (NiO/silicate, NiO/ZSM-11 and NiO/Beta) by hydrothermally treating the NiO/SBA-15 precursor in different types of structure-directing agents. hierarchical porous zeolites were successfully prepared after dissolving the NiO components, acting as hard template, by acids.In the third part, we systematically investigated the synergy between Ni and acid sites in Ni/(Al) SBA-15 for the production of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) in ethanol. Nickel as a base metal shows significant advantages in catalysis compared with noble metals due to its cheap price. Several supports including Al2O3, ZSM-5, SBA-15, and Al-SBA-15 were selected. It was found that 30%·Ni/Al-SBA-15 showed the best performance in terms of activity and GVL selectivity due to its large pore size and a suitable acidic strength. |
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