| Garden waste increased year by year is now a major problem in many cities of China, how to recycle this beautiful rubbish effectively is also focus research nowadays, one of this research hot spots is composting by exogenous bacteria and fungi strains especially by cellulose decomposing microorganisms. So, screening the cellulose decomposing microorganisms from the garden waste composting, and used some of those microorganism as composting for garden waste, then used as culturing substrates for the two herb flower were the main task in this studying. The major research results shown as below.1. These micro-organism coming from garden waste composting were isolated and identified by morphology observation with plate dilution method and sequenced with 16 S r DNA of bacteria and with r DNA ITS of fungi, the results shown that there were 22 species bacteria and 21 species fungi from the effective microorganism during the garden waste composition, many bacteria belong to Bacillus, and some of fungi belong to Aspergillus. And, it was isolated and identified with the relative activity of enzyme by culturing on CMC-Na Congo red plate medium that there were 13 strains of bacteria and 18 strains of fungi having the cellulose degradation ability, and there were 2 strains bacteria and 2 strains fungi having stronger cellulose-decomposing ability among these strains, that were Bacillus stratosphericus(D/d=3.43), Bacillus thuringiensis(D/d=4.53), Aspergillus carneu(D/d=2.64) and Oudemansiella canarii(D/d=7.67) respectively.2. The effects of garden waste composting added with the 31 strains of cellulosedecomposing microorganisms(abbr. as CDM), comparing with added EM and no added exogenous microorganisms respectively were researched, the results shown as below: The quality of the garden waste compost decomposition products could be improved by CDM treatment having dark brown color and mud odor, and met the maturity substrate index. The temperature of the garden-waste composting significantly increased by CDM treatment, maintained higher temperature from 50℃ to 54℃ for five days, had the more killing ability to pathogens, and more easily obtained harmless mud than other treatment. The lower contents of ammonium nitrogen, the higher contents of nitrate nitrogen, the higher p H value, and the lower EC value for the garden-waste composting can be obtained by CDM treatment than other treatment. The seed germination index(abbr. as GI) obtained from the mud by CDM treatment was higher than other methods, and attained above 80% at the 14 d, indicated that this mud had basically maturity. The highest total nitrogen content at 12.27 g/kg at composting product by CDM treatment, while at 11.26 g/kg by EM treatment, and at 11.83 g/kg by control, respectively, indicated the CDM treatment can reduce nitrogen loss than other treatment. The CDM treatment also canincrease the nutrient content, such as the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was increased to 26.3%, to 29.0% and to 20.0% respectively after composting compared with before composting.3. Plant growth effects for Impatiens wallerana and Petunia hybrida cultured on these substrates composed by composting product with different treatment, were investigated for the best proportion in order to substitute peat as the culturing substrates, the results shown that the better properties of substrates composed by composting product with CDM treatment than composting product, having the higher nutrient, more stability, stronger buffer capacity, and more favorable growth environmental conditions to root, was an ideal floriculture substrates. These agricultural characters of two herb flower species, such as plant height, crown width, chlorophyll content of leaf, shoot tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant and flowering numbers, can be most promoted by the substrates composed by composting product with CDM treatment than the substrates composed by composting product with EM treatment, and the substrates composed by composting product with water treatment(control) had worst of planting effect. According to the analysis method of membership function, the most suitable growth of Impatiens wallerana plant was obtained by H substrate, which the substrate was composed by product of composting with CDM treatment, its function value reached at 0.75, and the other substrate composed by different ratio of composting product with CDM treatment also suitable growth of Impatiens wallerana, the function value of 3H was at 0.74, and the function value of 7H was at 0.73. While the most suitable growth of Petunia hybrida plant was composed by the substrate contained 30% composting product with CDM treatment combining with 70% culturing soil among all substrates, its function value reached at 0.95, and the substrate only composed by composting product was not conductive to plants. The results indicated that peat can be substituted by the two substrates composed by composting product with CDM.In conculution, the CDM isolated and identified, was an efficient degradation efficiency for garden waste composting, and its composting product was feasible used as floriculture substrate. |
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