Research On Farmer Behavior Of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution In The Three Gorges Reservoir Of Chongqing

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution is generated by agricultural production activities, pesticides and fertilizers and organic and inorganic pollutants such as chemical inputs, livestock manure, sewage move from agricultural ecological environment to water ecological environment through surface runoff, drainage and groundwater seepage and other ways. This paper based on the survey data of NANTUO town in the Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing, analysis the relationship between farmer’s cognition of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and regulation willingness, farmer’s willingness to pay garbage disposal and engaged in the environment-friendly agriculture and its influencing factors by apply structural equation modeling, contingent valuation method and logistic models, the main results are as follows:(1) Using structural equation modeling analysis the relationship between farmer’s cognition of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and regulation willingness. The results show that:the farmers know a little of excessive fertilizer, when farmers understand the harmness of excessive fertilization on the environment, only to see the direct effects of excessive fertilization on soil and crops, but did not see indirect effects of excessive fertilization on atmosphere, groundwater and human health. Local agricultural nonpoint source pollution is very serious, as well as the water quality is poor, but farmer’s knowledge of this is rarely. Local farmer’s awareness of organic fertilizer, hazards of and excessive fertilization and agricultural non-point source pollution have negative impact on awareness of controlling the agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Over the past decade, Farmers awareness of water quality surrounding farmland and living environment, and cognitive of agricultural nonpoint source pollution hazards is deeper, the response on environmental taxes, centralized sewage and waste disposal and restrictions fertilizer use is not positive. Farmers who think organic fertilizer can improve agricultural production environment and improve crops intrinsic quality, their response of environmental policy is also very slow.(2) Analysis farmer’s willingness to pay garbage disposal and its influencing factors by contingent valuation method. The results showed that:age, education level and whether concerns environmental have a significant impact on farmers’ willingness to pay, it indicating that local farmers headed is older, education level is higher and more concerned about the environment, the more they are willing to improve rural living environment, the willingness to pay the cost of garbage disposal are more positive., the impact of whether the head of household is a party member and total family income on willingness to pay for waste disposal was not significant. And calculated by the simple method, average pay willingness of local farmers for the domestic wastewater disposal is 48 yuan/year, the amount paid is relatively low.(3) Analysis farmer’s willingness to engaged in the environment-friendly agriculture and its influencing factors by logistic regression model. The results show that:the education level has a major impact on the willingness of farmers engaged in environment-friendly agriculture, and the impact is positive. Gender has a negative impact on farmers engaged in environment-friendly agriculture. Concern about the environment or not, whether fertilizers will pollute the environment, these two variables have a significant impact on willingness of farmers engaged in environment-friendly agriculture,and the impact is positive.At present, there are a lot of research on agricultural non-point source pollution control measures, but they are rarely accepted by farmers and not really implemented. First of all, most of control measures at the expense of economic benefits, so a lot of farmers under the psychological implications of pursuit maximizing economic benefits, it is difficult to accept such measures for farmers, so they do not want to participate in controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Therefore, we must take this as a starting point to develop a practical control measures, in order to effectively control the further deterioration of agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Strengthen publicize environmental pollution and advanced regulation technology. Strengthen the promotion and dissemination of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and related environmental information. Allow farmers has more in-depth understanding on the status of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and its dangers, and enhance environmental awareness of farmers, let them know that control agricultural non-point source pollution is very important. Local agricultural technique department should establish agricultural technology training course regularly, publicize a variety of advanced agricultural production and fertilization technology could control agricultural nonpoint source pollution, such as soil testing and fertilizer technology, straw technology, wastewater treatment technologies, and garbage classification.Strengthen education, introducce agricultural technology personnel. Raise the cultural level of local farmers, especially for local people, strengthen the re-education of rural environmental protection; Local government should introduce foreign advanced agricultural personnel and retain local agricultural technicians by means of relevant economic incentives and benefits, let advanced agricultural technology and agricultural information apply to local agricultural production and life; also according to local specific circumstances, continued to innovate and come up with advanced agricultural technology adapt to development of local modern agriculture, provide technology support for local environment-friendly agriculture development.Pay more attention to farmers own economic interests. The government should considered basic household characteristics and their own economic interests in the formulation of relevant policies.Ensure the policies could accepted by farmers and has a positive response, improve the economic income and agricultural production income as far as possible, so as to improve the viability of environmental policy.The local government should play a very important role to control agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Through financial subsidies and preferential policies to encourage agricultural workers constant innovation in modern agricultural technology, develop a practical and efficient agricultural production techniques; Guide farmers change willingness to engage in the changing environment-friendly agriculture, encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally-friendly technologies in agricultural production, guide farmers to participate in the regulation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Build environment-friendly production methods. Rural Resources waste seriously in the Three Gorges Reservoir, mainly for extensive economic growth mode, which is the main reason of agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, must resolved agricultural nonpoint source pollution problems in the process of economic growth, establish policy system of agricultural development and environmental pollution control.Improve the legal system of the agricultural environment. Sound legal system is an important basis for environmental governance, China has established a relatively complete legal system of resources and environmental management, but still a lack of specific legislation for the agricultural environment, many details of agricultural environment are not explained or can not explain. Therefore, China should have a clear understanding of the reality that agriculture environmental legislation is almost blank, learn the experience of rural ecological environment legislation from developed countries, developed a more comprehensive, enforceable legal system of agricultural environmental management.