| Cuprous oxide has been widely used as antifouling additives of the marine antifouling coatings since 1970 s. But the poor compatibility takes effects on the release of the inner particles and shorten the period of validity to 2 to 3 years. During the past decades, the studies have been focused on the surface modification of cuprous oxide to improve its antifouling properties. Currently, cuprous oxide is usually prepared by hydrothermal method, chemical deposition method, electrochemical method, sol-gel method, irradiation reduction method, chemical vapor deposition method, solvent evaporation method, etc. These preparation methods have many shortcomings such as the complex technology, the high cost, and the low yield. Furthermore, cuprous oxide is likely to aggregate and to be oxidized in in the air atmosphere, which increases difficulties in transport storage.Based on the above shortcomings, we proposed a new way by which the liquid acrylonitrile oligomer(LANO) was used as reductant in the inert atmosphere to prepare acrylonitrile oligomer/cuprous oxide nano particles(ANO/Cu2 O, AC NPs). The AC NPs exhibited much better antifouling effects due to the large specfic surface area. The coated ANO can protect cuprous oxide from aggregating and oxidizing by air. The mesoporous structure of the coated ANO can also control the release of cuprous oxide and prolong the period of validity, and concomitantly, reduce the cost.The main contents are as follows:(1) Effects of the contents and the sintering temperature on the phase and morphology of the product have been investigated systematically. The results indicated that for AC10- AC40 series, the obtained products sintered at relatively low temperature were comprised of ANO/Cu and ANO/Cu2 O, while the products sintered at high temperature were rodlike ANO/Cu. However for the AC50- AC70 series, the obtained products sintered at low temperature were comprised of ANO/Cu and ANO/Cu2 O, and the products sintered at high temperature were non-rodlike ANO/Cu. The AC80 product sintered at 300℃ was mainly pure ANO/Cu2 O, and the AC90 product sintered at 350℃ was relatively pure ANO/Cu2 O. So it can be concluded that the pure ANO/Cu2 O could be obtained by controlling the temperature and the ratio.(2) Effects of the different solvents including distilled water, alcohol, and decyl alcohol on the phase, morphology, and mesoporous structure on the surface of the AC40, AC80, and AC90 products have also been studied by TEM and XRD. The results indicated that the solvent took effects on the reduction ability of LANO, and the reduction ability of LANO in the different solvents lied in the following order alcohol > distilled water > decyl alcohol. This is because that the alcohol itself has reduction ability and can play the reducing action in company with ANO at high temperature, concomitantly, decreasing the reaction temperature.(3) The effects of different LANO including Z3 and Z0.5 on the reduction of copper oxide were studied by XRD. Z3 exhibited stronger reduction activity than Z0.5 LANO, but the AC products prepared using Z0.5 LANO exhibited better dispersion.(4) Some products were selected as antifouling additives to be tested in the exposed panels in the marine. The AC products exhibited much better antifouling performance with relatively low content, which bringing about the great decrease in the cost of anti-fouling, and exhibiting the great application prospects. |
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