| Flax seed, as a raw materials has great market potential,containing flaxseed oil, flaxseed gum, flax protein, flax lignans and carbohydrates and various trace elements, is a kind of high nutritional value of food raw material.Flax seed contain toxic substances cyanogenic glucoside, this study comprehensively examines the seedling dry method and wet method, microwave, solvent detoxification, biological detoxification and squeeze the pros and cons of detoxification, silver nitrate titration was studied, hydrogen ion selective electrode method, colorimetry, chromatographic analysis and method of Prussian blue and picric acid test paper method opposite cyanide content detection effect.From a practical standpoint, considering the process feasibility and its influence on the subsequent nutrition components extraction, achieve the most appropriate method and testing method.In this study I use flaxseed as raw materials, to extract nutrients in flax seed, by investigating the process flow of each of the four different nutrient component extraction effect, get a set of optimum technological process.By studying the solvent extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic and squeezing of linseed oil extraction effect and realistic feasibility, it shows solvent extraction is the most suitable method for extracting flaxseed oil.Using gas chromatography to test flax seed oil,after determined the composition and content of fatty acids in linseed oil. obtained the best extraction process by single factor experiment:the solvent is petroleum ether, the reaction time is 3 h, mixing speed is 300 RPM, the reaction temperature is 50℃,and solid-liquid ratio is 1:2, extraction times is 1 times. On this condition, flax seed oil obtained at a rate of 41.7%.This paper to study the solvent extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction on the extraction effect and feasibility of flax gum, it shows solvent extraction is the most suitable method for extraction of flaxseed gum, and adopt the method of national standard method to detect flax gum. By comparing freeze drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, hot air drying on the effect and feasibility of drying flaxseed gum, found freeze drying method is the most suitable for drying flax gum. obtained the best extraction technology of flaxseed gum by single factor experiment:the reaction time is 2 h, mixing speed is 300 RPM, and solid-liquid ratio is 1:4, reaction temperature is 60℃,extraction times is 2 times,solvent is 90% ethanol:On this condition, the flaxseed gum at a rate of 9.7%.This paper examines the kjeldahl determination, the forint phenol reagent method, biuret method, uv spectrophotometry, dye colorimetry, BCA method, electrophoresis method, near infrared spectrum technology and digital image method of 9 kinds of flax protein detection method, found the best method to testing the flax protein is coomassie brilliant blue G-250 method, studied the freeze drying and spray drying, vacuum drying, hot air drying four dry ing methods on the effect and feasibility of flaxseed gum drying, found the best protein determination mothod is freeze drying method, and the linen protein extraction meothod is alkali soluble acid sinking method, and obtained the optimum extraction technology of numbness protein by single factor experiment:the material liquid ratio isl:5, reaction time is 3 h, alkali soluble PH is 9.0, acid sinking PH is 4.4,stirring speed is 400 RPM, the reaction temperature is 50℃,extraction times is 2 times.Under this condition, flax protein obtained at a rate of 9.27%.This subject examines the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),phosphomolybdic acid chromogenic method, ultraviolet absorption method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry to detect content of lignans, finally using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as a detection method of numbness lignans.Through the research of solvent extraction, microwave assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction method to extract lignans, found the suitable method of extracting lignans is solvent extraction. By studying Vacuum freeze drying, spray drying, hot air drying, microwave drying and supercritical drying on the drying effect and feasibility of lignans, found the the best lignans drying method is vacuum freeze drying, obtained the optimum extraction technology of numbness lignans by single factor experiment:the solvent is 50% ethanol, temperature is 50℃, time is 4 h, and solid-liquid ratio is 1:10, mixing speed is 400 RPM, elution ethanol concentration is 60%, and alkali ratio is 1:0.009, extraction times is 2 times.Under this condition, the numbness of extracting lignans content is 13.83 mg/g.The purity is 32.21%.The best Process got in this dissertation is:the flax seed is dealt with petroleum ether after preprocessing step, then got the flax seed oil by removing solvent, drying powder after oil extraction, alcohol extraction flax gum, rich in the numbness lignans by macroporous resin adsorption purification, after lyophilization get flax lignans, the remaining powder after drying linen were extracted with alkali soluble acid sinking protein, get flax protein after lyophilization. |
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