Synthesis Of A Novel Class Of Organosilicon Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactants

Adding a small amount of Gemini surfactants can quickly reduce the surface tension of the solvent, causing changes in the interface properties of solution properties. Gemini surfactants are composed of two hydrophobic groups, two hydrophilic groups and a connection of hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups. As a kind of new surfactants, Gemini surfactants have high surface activity, good water solubility and broad commercial application prospect. But the low yield of commercial production and expensive price of the Gemini surfactant has become the bottleneck of industrialization of Gemini surfactant at present. Its application value and market prospects will be incalculable by using the advantageous resources of developing countries, developing efficient and cheap Gemini surfactant, or combining ordinary and low price surfactants with high price Gemini surfactant.Quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant is a kind of main cationic Gemini surfactants. As people place importance on nitrogen heterocyclic ring quaternary ammonium salt and quaternary nitrogen double quaternary ammonium salt of ionic surfactant, there is more and more related research of double quaternary ammonium salt (such as morpholine, double quaternary ammonium salt of imidazole plasma head base). There also appears the research of the ionic liquid type double quaternary ammonium salt, broadening the research field of the quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactant.This paper mainly studies the organic silicon synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt agent and its surface properties. With the easily accessible 3-chloride propyl methyl dimethoxy silane and tetramethyl ethylenediamine as raw material, the author gets the corresponding organic silicon Gemini quaternary ammonium salt. The author also studies the influence factors such as reaction time, solvent and mole ratio, and the optimum reaction conditions are determined as follows:with anhydrous ethanol as solvent, reaction temperature 80℃, reaction time 12 hours, reaction molar ratio of 2.3:1 of reactant 3-chloride propyl methyl dimethoxy silane and tetramethyl ethylenediamine. At the same time, the author studies the surface properties of silicone Gemini quaternary ammonium salt and also the conductivity, viscosity and other properties of aqueous solution. The electrical conductivity experiment preliminarily determines the critical micelle concentration of surfactant is between 1 x 10-5 g/mL and 5 x 10 to 5 g/mL; and dynamic light scattering method was applied to the near the critical micelle concentration of micellar particle size distribution and the particle size distribution when concentration is greater than the critical micelle concentration is studied. The result of micellar particle size is in the range of 40-55nm.This article also has carried on the study of the synthetic reaction kinetics. Thereaction of tetramethyl ethylenediamine quaternary ammonium and 3-chloro methyl propyl dimethoxy silane reaction is relatively simple. Quaternary ammonium reaction can also be affected by such factors as temperature, the rate of the polarity of the solvent, the molar ratio of reactants.