Human—Land Relationship And Rocky Desertification Control In The South China Karst

In the karst region of south China, centered by the Guizhou Plateau, the ecological environment there is fragile while the human-land relationship is inharmonious. The ecological environment problems such as subside, water and erosion, karst rocky desertification are extruded which severely restricted the economic development of local society and affected human’s production and their life. In order to put forward some specific regulation measures for the rocky desertification and effectively govern rocky desertification problems, improve the residents’ living environment and promote the sustainable development of local economy, this article, which based on human-land relationship theory, sustainable development and control mechanism, did a relatively deep research on the human-land interaction in Salaxi, Bijie and Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Karst Plateau Canyon. The main research methods adopted are literature review, comprehensive analysis, on-the-spot investigation, semi-structured interviewing, qualitative and quantitative analysis, so on and so forth. And finally, with the previous findings, the essay summed the fundamental characteristics of human-land relationship in South China Karst areas. Taking ancient literature as reference, this article also teases out the historical evolution process of rocky desertification. It focuses on the rocky desertification’s driving force and the according measures.(1) The characteristics of human-land relationship in the karst areas of South China. By the deep research of two typical karst demonstration areas and the previous finding, we found it that there are ten outstanding perspectives. Namely, the imbalance of environmental carrying capacity and population, the average population density reached 217 human/km2, and exceed the reasonable population carrying capacity of the 150 human/km2 in the karst region; the fragile ecosystem and the high-strength traditional farming; the vicious cycle of economic backwardness and ecological environment, the South China Karst areas have 227 national key counties, accounting for 38.34% of the country, the poverty population as high as about 50 000 000; strong farmerist and environment problems; policy failures and new ecological destruction; repeated resident construction and limited arable land; opencast mining and environment deterioration; extensive mining resources and the lag of governance; the lack of later period work and the waste of resources; the contradictory between tourism and eco-environment protection. The summary above is preparation for the following analysis of karst rocky desertification driving force and the according control measures.(2) The driving force of the development and evolution of karst rocky desertification. By teasing and analyzing the historical evolution process of the rocky desertification in the karst areas of south China as well as two demonstration areas, we concluded that the driving force includes three endogenic agencies which are geological evolution, paleoenvironment evolution and geochemical evolution. Besides, other force also includes the natural external agency formed by the high temperature and rain caused by the subtropical monsoon climate; and man-made external agencies composed by agricultural producing activities, industrial development activities and tourism development activities. Among the above driving force altering the main man-made external agencies is the key point to regulate and control the rocky desertification, this provides sufficient basis for setting out targeted adjustable measures.(3) The regulation and control of rocky desertification in the karst areas of south China. The unreasonable agricultural production activities is the key point to regulate and control the rocky desertification, we set about five aspects of regulation and control countermeasures as below: to increase the surface cover degree; to protect and improve the cultivated land resources; to adjust the industrial structure in karst areas; to adjust the agricultural interior structure in karst areas. We also started with these three aspets: forest vegetation protection and construction, the balanced development of drought resistence pasture and livestock as well as the effective assort of the soil water conservation on the slope, then put forward specific regulation measures for different levels of stony desertification, in order to prohibit the development trend of stony desertification and to prove the environment in stony desertification areas.