Micellar Enzymatic Cellulose Degradation

With the continuous development of society and the increasing population number, people face an increasing food shortages, energy shortages and environmental pollution. So finding solutions to solve these problems become the focus of People's attention. Cellulose is the main component of plant materials, but also the planet's most abundant renewable resources. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose has been widely reported, but because of the the reaction of water-insoluble substrates makes the reaction has less efficiency. Because of this enzymatic degradation of cellulose cost much and it is difficult to achieve economies of scale industrialization. Therefore, further exploration to improve the efficiency of cellulase degradation of cellulose on conditions is the urgent things. Because it can make effective use of cheap, abundant, non-toxic cellulose to make up for the inadequacy of resource.At present, most reaction of degradation of enzyme is done in aqueous solution, while the cellulose solubility is higher than aqueous solution in organic solvents, in addition to it can simulating the environment of enzymatic degradation in non-aqueous solutions, especially in reverse micelle system. Therefore the reaction medium is the very important of studying how to improve the activity. In this paper, the power-time curves of the enzymatic degradation reaction in reverse micelle system was determined by the TAM Air, the reaction heat can be measured using the power-time curves (the product of the total peak area of curve). According to Bell theory and the Direct-Tian equation,the kinetic data of the enzymatic reaction can be measured using molar reaction enthalpy and the molar heat of reaction, for example, Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), rate constant (k), maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) etc.The main research contents are as follows:The main factors of the enzymatic degradation in reverse micelle system are substrate concentration, enzyme dosage, the system water content (Wo), Acidity (pH), temperature (T) and metal ions and so on. After determining some unchanged conditions, the power-time curves of the reaction were separated measured by the TAM Air at different conditions. Then using reduced extent method, the relationship between Vmax with various conditions were parsed out, and ultimately, the optimal reaction conditions of cellulose degradation were obtained.(a)The paper studied different metal ions'affection on cellulase degradation of cellulose, and different concentrations of the same kinds of ions on the reaction in AOT/iso-octane reverse micelles.(b)In this paper, enzymatic degradation was studied in AOT/TritonX-100/iso-octane reverse micelles under different molar fraction of AOT/Triton X-100. The influences of other reaction conditions on the molar ratio of water to total surfactants (Wo), different temperature and pH have been investigated. The innovation of this paper:(1)In this paper, reverse micelle system and Microcalorimetry were used of the reaction degradation of cellulose. From this we can obtained the character and the activity of enzyme. This is a new method. Reverse micelle system not only provides a better micro-environment, even if the substrate does not dissolve in water reaction also can carry out, but also the micro-environment in which the stability of the enzyme also increase, and even demonstrate an ultra-active. These can provide a theoretical guidance to understand the mechanism of enzyme degradation and improve utilization of cellulose. The TAM Air was used to measure the power-time curves. Using thermokinetic and reduced extent method is simple and reliable to calculate the related parameters, and does not undermine the research system, so further testing can be done, This is the new and effective method to study the micellar enzymology.(2) Degradation of cellulose was determined based on the predecess-ors. Through adding metals ions or surfactant to a single reverse micelle system, we can explore solutions to increase enzyme activity in reverse micelle. This can provide a theoretical basis for industrial production.