| [Objective] In this study, influence of sowing dates (suitable sowing, little late sowing, later sowing) and cultivation methods (direct sowing, seedling transplanting) on growing process and yield foramtion of processing tomato were explored in 2008 and 2009. The objectives of the current study were to provide feasible field arrangement of different sowing dates and cultivation methods, which of great improntance on delaying the harvest time and improving land productivity of processing tomato in northern Xinjiang.[Results] The results showed that yield of plug seedlings and transplanting tomato decreased with delaying of sowing dates, with an increased duration from sowing to mature, and decreased duration from mature to harvest. Compared with direct sowing, yield of earlier-plug seedlings and transplanting tomato can be increased by 6.8%-23.8%, yield of simultaneous-plug seedlings and transplanting tomato can be decreased by 5.6%-636.4%. And later-plug seedlings and transplanting tomato with the lowest yield (1.04 X 104kg/hm2). In the condition of later and direct sowing tomato, the influence of covering methods on growing process and yield foramtion were different.0-5cm soil temperature of processing tomato under straw mulch can be decreased during seedling stage, which of significant improvement on seedlings servival and yield. While yield of later sowing with straw mulch protato decreased significantly in warm-cool weather condition during former growing stages (2008). Covering methods may significantly improve seedlings servival and yield of tomato in the condition of early spring with low temperature (2009). For plug seedlings and transplanting tomato in wheat stubble treatments, soil temperature of average wheat stubble was higher than that of low and high wheat stubble when temperature below 23℃. When temperature above 23℃,0-5cm soil temperature of average wheat stubble was lower than that of low and high wheat stubble, while 10-20cm soil temperature of average wheat stubble was higher than that of low and high wheat stubble. Survival rate of different wheat stubble and transplanting treatment of processing tomato were high wheat stubble>low wheat stubble>average stubble,30 days-old seedling>45 days-old seedling>60 days-old seedling. Yield of different wheat stubble and transplanting treatment of processing tomato were average wheat stubble>low wheat stubble>high stubble,30 days-old seedling> 45 days-old seedling>60 days-old seedling. Compared with 30 days-old seedling in average wheat stubble, yield of low wheat stubble and high stubble was decreased by 3.4% and 10.3% respectively. Compared with 45 days-old seedling in average wheat stubble, yield of low wheat stubble and high stubble was decreased by 4.6% and 7.1% respectively. Compared with 60 days-old seedling in average wheat stubble, yield of low wheat stubble and high stubble was decreased by 7.3% and 15.5% respectively.[Conclusion]Fruit of plug seedlings and transplanting tomato will ripen 19 days earlier than that of direct sowing, if advance seedling in greenhouse from later February to early March in northern Xinjiang. Yield will be decreased by 76.2% -94.4% if plug seedlings and transplanting tomato later than April 10. Although 30 days-old seedling in average wheat stubble around July 10 with the highest yield, it lower than that of transplanting tomato and suitable direct sowing tomato. How to achieve high yield of transplanting tomato in wheat stubble requires further study. The optimum sowing period is from April 10 to May 10 when the tomato seedlings are covered by plastic mulch with drip irrigation. If the sowing date is later than May 10, yield will be reduced significantly. Straw covering after May 10 can alleviate the injury caused by high temperature of tomato seedlings, survival rate, ease the "high-temperature limit effect", achive high yield (up to 9.9 x 104kg/hm2). In general, by adjusting sowing date and cultivation method, the harvest period of processing tomato can be extended by 30 days. |
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