Effects Of Sowing Date And Topping On The Growing, Yield And Quality Of Carthamus Tinctorious L.

Safflower is a genuine medicinal materials in Henan, and have a long history of cultivation. According to the need to improve the problem of safflower cultivation techniques, to safflower as the test material, use of agronomic traits, physiological and biochemical indexes of observation and determination of chemical composition content determination methods, carried out the research of sowing date and topping effects on growth, yield and quality of safflower. The study in order to find out the safflower inflorescence and fruit size of Carthami Flos and the seed quality, to reveal the effects of sowing date and topping on the growth and yield of quality of safflower, lay a foundation for safflower standardized cultivation techniques. The main results are as follows:1. There was no significant difference between the size of the safflower inflorescence and the Hydroxysafflor yellow A in the Carthami Flos, the larger inflorescence the filaments longer. The thousand seed weight, shell kernel than, oil yield and linoleic acid were significant to fruit size, larger fruit has higher grain kernel and shell ratio, but the oil yield is relatively low.2. Autumn sowing safflower overwintering as rosette state in Henan, and early sowing time more leaves in winter. The safflower growth period of autumn sowing safflower and spring sowing safflower rest with the rosette stage, autumn sowing safflower has long time rosette stage, earlier sowing safflower in autumn longer rosette stage, earlier the emergence and flowering.3. The MDA content of autumn sowing safflower was generally increased firstly and then decreased in low temperature stage. SOD activity and POD activity showed a trend of decreased first and then increased, and have the increase dynamic of the resistance physiological indexes have differences, reflecting the characteristics of different sowing period and the Stress response ability level to the environment.4. With the delay of sowing date, the safflower plant height, total number of branches, first branches, second branches, larger flowers number, large fruit number, filaments and seed yield per plant decreased. the sowing safflower in November 10 th have high content of hydroxysafflor yellow A; different sowing safflower had no significant difference on kaempferol content; safflower fruit diameter(X) and the number of grains containing seeds(Y) had linear regression equation: Y=23.5222*X-23.1574, R=0.969165.5. Topping on the safflower sowing in October 1st was less than no toping, such as total flower number, primary branch number, secondary branch number and seed weight per plant. Toping had little impact on the sowing date in October 20 th and November 10 th of safflower.