Breeding Of Fine Varieties Of Turmeric

Yellow yam(Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright), which belongs to Dioscorea family in Dioscoreaceae, is a perennial twisted herbal. Active Component of Yellow yam is diosgenin. The tuber are used as an efficacious traditional Chinese medicine which Indicats stomach pain, flatulence, bones injuries, hemostasis swelling pain, insect dermatitis, and lowering blood lipids, decreasing skin purulent infection effectively, blood lipids and soft tissue lesion. Taking the diosgenin as the raw material, more than 290 hormone chemical medicines including skinniness ,sex, glair assimilation and could be produced out by the process of structure reforming, semi-synthesizing and bio-fermenting.Yellow yam contents the highest diosgenin in all diosgenin plant resources. Because of the heaven development and utilization, the wild yellow yam resources became less and less., and there was very lack of quality cultivating cultivars for practice. The current cultivars mainly were An-jiang NO1,NO2 and NO3 serials in Shaanxi Province. Moreover,some cultivars are constantly being degenerate.The lack of cultivars was great factor which restricting the sustainable development of Dioscorea zingiberensis industry. So breeding and promoting superior varieties of Dioscorea zingiberensis, was an very important technology for increasing economic benefits of Dioscorea zingiberensis industryThe technology of screening was used in study for the purpose of breeding, which included investigating and studying of the germplasm resources, variety comparison test and superior varieties selecting of Dioscorea zingiberensis. After six years experiment,we had gotten some results as follows:1.260 germplasms were collected and studied, and all the germlasms in Dioscorea resources field bank had been observed, and analyzed for their diosgenin content and exhibition for 3 years. Finally,the 9 clones of White yam, No14, No 02-150, No 1-27, Nol49-4, No 136-1, No115-5, No 144-2 and No02-159 were selected for comparison test, and Zhs-1 and 02-150 will be selected as the successors.2. The variety comparison test of was an very important measure for breeding from that the characters and adaptability to environment could be judged correctly, and then scientific evidences would been gotten. The main result of our variety test showed that:1) All the testing cultivars showed a good stability and widespread adaptability, and easy to be identified. Their ground parts grown vigorously, and their tuber structure were suitable for processing. There was no obvious difference between the sport with the contrast in shape. All the testing varieties had higher tolerant capacity.2) The results showed that the tuber yield of No144-2 and No1-27 were higher than CK all the time in comparison test years, and they had superiority of high diosgenin content. So 144-2 and 1-27 could be selected as candidates going to be approved and promoted varieties.3) 115-5 had the characteristics of high yield, good resistance, wide adaptation and good quality in 2007 and 2008,but the lower and instability in yield and diosgenin content ,so that be selected as approved and released varieties as a successor.4) White yam had the characteristics of lower yield and diosgenin content than contrast all the time in comparison test, it did not have the requirement of superior varieties, but it could be used as a worthful material for hybridization breeding of Dioscorea zingiberensis.5) 149-4,02-159,02-150 had the characteristics of low yield and lower diosgenin content than contrast all the time in comparison test,they did not have the properties of superior varieties. They were decided been planted in Dioscorea resources plot as genetic material.6) 02-158 had the characteristics of high yield, good resistance, wide adaptation, good quality in 2006,but it had the characteristics of lower yield and low diosgenin content than contrast in 2007 and 2008. The results showed that 02-158 had been degrading, so it did not have the properties as variety and they were decided been planted in Dioscorea resources plot as genetic material.From this study, we conclude that 144-2 and 1-27 could be selected as candidates going to be approved and promoted varieties, and 115-5 could be selected as a successor.