| To explore a appropriate cultivation and administration measure for high-yield oil palm in north district of tropical of China, With 7 year oil palm RLY12, mixed orthogonal test L8(4x24),using 4 levels irrigation (W1, W2, W3 and W4) to coordinate with 4 fertilizers (N, P, K and Mg) in 2 levels, routine fertilization (Nc, Pc, Kc, Mgc),or double fertilization (Nj, Pj, Kj, Mgj) analyzed effects of water and fertilizer on growth, nutrition changed and yield of oil palm. The main results indicated that:The irrigation effect varied with the amount of fertilizer and the reverse was the same.The increment of growth firstly increased and then decreased with the irrigation increased. The performance grew best under W3, which increament of the plant height, stem height and leaf production were 1.14 m,0.44 m and 25.2 piece, respectively, and slowed under W1,W2 and W4.The growth of oil palm changed with different fertilizer application. Compared with the routine fertilizer application, the increment of plant height and leaf production increased by 26.2% and 10%, respectively, when double N fertilizeration was applied,and the increment of stem height increased by 10% when double K fertilizeration was applied. However, the leaf number declined by 3% when double P fertilizeration was applied.The N,P,K content of different organs of oil palm changed with month. In leaves, N,K increased firstly and then declined. P was low-high-low waves changes, In petiole, N arised firstly and then declined, and K was reversed with N,and P arised slowly. In root, the rule of N was the same as in the leaf, then the P and K were reversed in leaves.The content of nutrition was different in different organs. Among 4 irrigation levels, N,P,K content of different organs was the highest in W3. and under 2 fertilizer levels,N,P contnet of different organs increased as N appliacaion increased, and K content of different organs and N content of leaf and petiole also increased with K application increased, but P contnet of different organs declined as P appliacaion increased. In all treatment, the N,P,K content of the different organs with W3 plus NcPcKjMgj treatment, where N,P,K content was 2.559%,0.136%,1.170% in the leaf,0.554%,0.043%,1.160% in the petiole and 0.769%, 0.050%,1.290% in the root, respectively, was the highest.No matter routine fertilizer or double fertilizer, the yield firstly increased and then declined as the irrigation increased. There was significantly different in oil palm yield in the 4 irrigation levels, presented by W3>W2>W1>W4. The producion changed with the different fertilizer application in different irrigation levels. There was difference under W1 and W2 conditions, but not significant. The yield was significantly different in different fertilizer application under W2 condition, presented by NjKjPcMgc>NcKcPjMgj. Though the difference was no significance in different fertilization treatment under W3 condition, the yield of NcPcKjMgj was the highest, up to 81.71 kg/palm.The economic benefit varied with irrigation and fertilization.The most net benefit was achieved(10251.4RMB/ha) when 5 mm/palm-day was irrigated and N,P,K,Mg was 2.4 kg/palm-yr,1.5 kg/palm-yr,6.0 kg/palm-yr and 0.9 kg/palm-yr, respectively. Compared with 1645.7 RMB/ha in routine treatment (no irrigation plus N,P,K,Mg fertilization was 2.4 kg/palm-yr,1.5 kg/palm-yr,3.0 kg/palm-yr and 0.9 kg/palm-yr, respectively), the net benefit increased by 8605.7 RMB/ha, up to 523%.When the economic irrigation was 5 mm/palm-d plus N,P,K fertilization was 4.8 kg/palm-yr,1.5 kg/palm-yr,6.0 kg/palm-yr, respectively, and no Mg fertilization was applied, it was benefit to high yield of oil palm and the land sustainable in the dry season. However, the fertilzeration had better be used up in March, July, September and December, especially increased N,K dosage in July. |
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