| In order to compare the different water and fertilizer coupling model on growth and development characteristics, nutrient uptake and yield and quality of rice, Fengyuanyou 227 was used as materials for field experiment in Hengyang County West town meihua village with different water management (Long term irrigation W1, intermittent irrigation W2) and nitrogen levels (F0, F1, F2, F3, the application of pure N0,135,180,225Kg/hm2),The main results are as follows:1?Influence on Rice population and dry matter accumulationTiller number was rised with the amount of nitrogen increased, at the same level of nitrogen fertilizer, W2 treatment of tiller number was slightly higher than that of W1. In a certain range of N-fertilizer amount, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice increased with the increasing amount of fertilizer,W2 was higher than that of W1. At booting stage, heading stage and milk ripe stage, W2F2 treatment of rice dry matter accumulation was the highest, higher respectively compared to the control treatment with 55.14%? 33.72%?28.22%?2?Influence on Physiology of rice:In a certain range of nitrogen application, rice bleeding intensity increased with increasing amount of nitrogen, with W2F2 maximum flow? At the tillering stage, there is significant difference between W2F2 and high nitrogen treatment F3 and great significant difference with the blank F0. W2 is slightly Multi than W1 in the Bleeding rate and stronger in the root activity.In a certain range of nitrogen application, Photosynthetic rate increased with increase of amount of nitrogen, High nitrogen treatment depressed Photosynthetic rate. F3 treatment was significantly lower than that of F2 treatment. At tillering stage, booting stage, W2F2 and W1F3 have significant difference. At tillering stage, booting stage, heading stage, milky stage, W2F2 compared to W1F0 were higher with 28.84%?53.91%?33.95%?27.54%. Under different water treatments, The photosynthetic rate of W2 was significantly higher than that of W1.The transpiration rate of rice decreased in a certain range with the increase of nitrogen. At Milk ripe stage, F3?F2 were decreased by 24.20% and 59.84% than the blank, the effect is more obvious. Generally, lower transpiration rate of W2 treatment than W1. At the tillering stage, compared with W1F3, W2F3 has lower transpiration rate 15.25%. In the full heading stage, the transpiration rate of W2F2 treatment is lower than that of W1F24.51%.3?Influence on rice yield and the yield component factors:There are significant differences in different water treatments on rice yield, W2 is 7.6% higher than that of W1. Under different fertility levels, the rice yield was the highest under F2 treatment, and there is very significant difference with other treatments. Compared to F3? F1?F0, F2 treatment was higher with 16.68%,32.71% and 12.87%.In a certain range of nitrogen fertilizer, increased the amount of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on improving the rice effective panicle number and total grain number per panicle. F2 treatment had the highest effective panicles, extremely significant difference with F0, distinct difference with F1. The total grain number per panicle of four treatments of F2, F3 were more than 166, four treatments of F2, F3 were below 148. There was extremely significant difference between F2, F3 and F1, FO.N fertilization reduced seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight of rice to a certain extent, Especially F3, The seed setting rate lower than the blank by 9.29%. Under F1, FO treatment, the rice seed setting rate in more than 70%, the other two were below 70%. There was significant difference between F1, F0 and F3, F2. The 1000 grain weight of F1 and blank was higher, F2, F3 decreased, the maximum number of W1F111.87% higher than the lowest number which under W1F2 treatment.4?Influence on nitrogen use efficiency of rice:In a certain range of nitrogen, nitrogen uptake and utilization increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, under the treatment of W1 and W2,F2 were higher than F1 by 15.74% and 17.30%, but the high nitrogen treatment F3 nitrogen absorption and utilization rate less than F2. At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen uptake and utilization rate of W2 is higher than that of W1. Physiological efficiency of N was the highest under F0 treatment, under the same fertilizer level, W2 is slightly lower than W1. In certain range of nitrogen application, N fertilizer efficiency increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount, while F3 treatment decreased. N fertilizer efficiency from high to low is F2, F1, F3.The treatment of W2F1 has a maximum number of 7.98. The nitrogen partial productivity decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, and in the same nitrogen level under different water treatments, the nitrogen partial productivity was W2 higher than that of W1.5?Influence on rice quality:W1F2 treatment of brown rice rate was the highest, and there was significant difference with W2F0?W1F0. Different fertilization levels on F2 brown rice rate was the highest, but had no significant difference with other treatments. W1F2 treatment of rice milled rice rate was the highest, and had a extremely significant difference with W1F1?W2F0? WIFO,distinct difference with W2F2. Nitrogen fertilizer can increase the percentage of head milled rice, but the difference was not significant among treatments.Fertilization in different degree reduced the chalky grain rate, the chalky grain rate of bank processing is more than 40%, and fertilization were all below 40%. Nitrogen can reduced chalkiness size, and the low nitrogen treatment than high nitrogen treatment effect is more obvious. the coupling of water and Fertilizer on rice processing aspect ratio has no obvious regularity effect.F1 treatment has The lowest content of straight chain starch content of rice,F2?F3 in the middle, there is significant difference between W2F0 and W1F1?W2F1 treatment. The total starch content of rice F2, F3 fertilization was higher than that of blank, no significant difference among treatments. The protein content under W1F3?W2F3 treatment were extremely significant difference with W2F1?W2F0?W1F0, significant difference with W1F1, the highest value of 0.54 than the minimum value of 0.34 increased 58.82%.Water and fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on gelatinization temperature of rice, more obvious effects on rice gel consistency.Considering the yield and economic effect, under the conditions of this experiment, The best model of water and fertilizer coupling is intermittent irrigation, the application of pure N180Kg/hm2(W2F2). |
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